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This study aimed to identify ACE\u2010related latent classes of adolescents and describe past\u2010month substance use in each class by sex and race\/ethnicity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data from the 2018 Indiana Youth Survey (N\u2009=\u200970,703), which is a repeated self\u2010administered, cross\u2010sectional survey, were used. Latent class analysis was conducted using ACE\u2010related family (parent incarceration, insulting\/yelling within family, inability to discuss personal problems) and school (hate being in school, feeling unsafe, inability to talk to teachers one\u2010on\u2010one) items. Dependent variable combined past 30\u2010day use\u2010frequency of 17 substances. Two\u2010way analysis of variances examined ACE by sex and race\/ethnicity interaction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Four ACE\u2010related classes emerged: \u201cFamily\u2010Only\u201d (11.2%), \u201cSchool\u2010Only\u201d (16.5%), \u201cFamily\u2010School\u201d (8.0%), and \u201cNo\u2010ACE\u201d (64.3%). Substance use was highest in \u201cFamily\u2010School\u201d (mean\u2009=\u20090.67); lowest in \u201cNo\u2010ACE\u201d (mean\u2009=\u20090.21). Significant race\/ethnicity (<jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200927.06; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.0001), ACE\u2009*\u2009sex interaction (<jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200912.13; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.0001) and ACE\u2009*\u2009race\/ethnicity interaction (<jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20094.57; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.0001) effects emerged. Within each ACE\u2010related class, substance use was lowest for Asians and highest for Hispanics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Adverse childhood experience\u2010related items cluster within children across school and family environments and clustering differs by race\/ethnicity, but not by sex. Incorporating ACE\u2010related items into school surveys enhances the ability to implement interventions that target relationships between ACEs and substance use.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/josh.13429","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,29]],"date-time":"2024-01-29T02:23:23Z","timestamp":1706495003000},"page":"385-394","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Adverse Childhood Experience\u2010Related Conditions and Substance Use in Adolescents: A Secondary Analysis of Cross\u2010Sectional Survey Data"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"94","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8798-0894","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wasantha","family":"Jayawardene","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Human Sciences, Southern Illinois University Carbondale  323C Pulliam Hall, 475 Clocktower Drive Carbondale IL 62901"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Lohrmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Health Science School of Public Health\u2010Bloomington, Indiana University  Bloomington IN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jon","family":"Agley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Research on Addictive Behavior, Department of Applied Health Science School of Public Health\u2010Bloomington, Indiana University  Bloomington IN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mikyoung","family":"Jun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Research on Addictive Behavior, Department of Applied Health Science School of Public Health\u2010Bloomington, Indiana University  Bloomington IN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruth","family":"Gassman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Research on Addictive Behavior, Department of Applied Health Science School of Public Health\u2010Bloomington, Indiana University  Bloomington IN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Preventing adverse childhood experiences. 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