{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T12:30:53Z","timestamp":1783600253303,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":95,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,25]],"date-time":"2024-12-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735084800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":24,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of School Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Students' sense of school belonging is important for mental health, physical health, and academic performance. However, some students do not feel as though they belong in their schools. This study investigated Greek secondary school students' perspectives on practices that enhanced their sense of belonging during the COVID\u201019 pandemic.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>An online survey used open\u2010ended questions to explore the views of 226 Greek secondary school students.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thematic analysis identified four teacher\u2010level practice themes: communication and understanding, respect and inclusion, support to become involved in the school community, and classroom structure. Four school\u2010level practice themes were identified: support and inclusion, psychological support and career guidance, improved school facilities and safety, and activities and opportunities for social connections.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Implications for School Health Policy, Practice, and Equity<\/jats:title><jats:p>Teacher communication that fostered belonging included being approachable, understanding, and caring. Students valued inclusion, safety, and equality. Extracurricular activities and workshops strengthened belonging at school. Group work, creative lessons, and at the school\u2010level, opportunities for social connection, were also important for developing a sense of belonging.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>By understanding different level factors linked to school belonging, schools and policymakers can better identify effective and appropriate practices that improve student belonging.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/josh.13529","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,26]],"date-time":"2024-12-26T02:46:14Z","timestamp":1735181174000},"page":"1174-1184","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Students' Perspectives on Fostering a Sense of School Belonging in Greece: Moving Beyond <scp>COVID<\/scp>\u201019"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"Lara","family":"Tate","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Education, School of Educational Psychology and Counselling Monash University  Clayton Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6813-0034","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kelly\u2010Ann","family":"Allen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Education, School of Educational Psychology and Counselling Monash University  Clayton Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5550-807X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emily","family":"Berger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Education, School of Educational Psychology and Counselling Monash University  Clayton Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0528-2620","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christine","family":"Grove","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Education, School of Educational Psychology and Counselling Monash University  Clayton Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, Psychology School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, STEM College, RMIT University  Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fiona","family":"May","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Education, School of Educational Psychology and Counselling Monash University  Clayton Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2514-8362","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lefteris","family":"Patlamazoglou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Education, School of Educational Psychology and Counselling Monash University  Clayton Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Gamble","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Education, School of Educational Psychology and Counselling Monash University  Clayton Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1459-6223","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gerald","family":"Wurf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Education, School of Educational Psychology and Counselling Monash University  Clayton Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Warton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Psychological Sciences Monash University  Clayton Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1447-7769","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Reupert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Education, School of Educational Psychology and Counselling Monash University  Clayton Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0734282915607161"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","first-page":"108","article-title":"Belonging as a Guiding Principle in the Education of Adolescents","volume":"12","author":"Allen K. A.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Australian Journal of Educational and Developmental Psychology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-10-5996-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2020.05.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/chso.12605"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","unstructured":"Organisation for Economic Co\u2010operation and Development \u201cThe Impact of COVID\u201019 on Student Equity and Inclusion: Supporting Vulnerable Students During School Closures and School Re\u2010Openings \u201d(2020) https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/coronavirus\/policy\u2010responses\/the\u2010impact\u2010of\u2010covid\u201019\u2010on\u2010student\u2010equity\u2010and\u2010inclusion\u2010supporting\u2010vulnerable\u2010students\u2010during\u2010school\u2010closures\u2010and\u2010school\u2010re\u2010openings\u2010d593b5c8\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2021.5840"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","volume-title":"PISA 2018 Results (Volume III): What School Life Means for Students' Lives","author":"Organisation for Economic Co\u2010operation and Development","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022\u20100663.94.4.795"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/dev0000434"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1359104507071052"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0272431620977659"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","volume-title":"Education for a Bright Future in Greece, Reviews of National Policies for Education","author":"Organisation for Economic Co\u2010operation and Development","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","volume-title":"Education at a Glance 2019: OECD Indicators","author":"Organisation for Economic Co\u2010operation and Development","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10648\u2010016\u20109389\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17583\/ijep.2018.3117"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13632752.2018.1511113"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11469\u2010020\u201000460\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/edp.2016.5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00220973.1993.9943831"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2018\u20103766"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12187\u2010020\u201009721\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02671522.2019.1615116"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10648\u2010021\u201009621\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964\u2010011\u20109674\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijer.2011.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532\u20107795.2012.00783.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/jgc.2012.19"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09669760903424523"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","first-page":"94","article-title":"Lucky to Be Happy: A Study of Happiness in Australian Primary Students","volume":"10","author":"O'Rourke J.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Australian Journal of Educational and Developmental Psychology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/edp.2016.6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11114\/jets.v6i3.3036"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","first-page":"11","article-title":"Secondary Principals in Cyprus: The Views of the Principal Versus the Views of the Teachers\u00a0\u2013\u00a0A Case Study","volume":"29","author":"Pashiardis P.","year":"2001","journal-title":"International Studies in Educational Administration"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.53841\/bpsecp.2019.36.2.6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/feduc.2017.00056\/full#B18"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/qup0000080"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.29333\/ejecs\/1564"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2478\/v10159\u2010012\u20100015\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","unstructured":"Agence France\u2010Presse \u201cGreek Schools Reopen After Five Months of Closure \u201dStudy International April 14 2021 https:\/\/www.studyinternational.com\/news\/greece\u2010news\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","unstructured":"E.Becatoros \u201cGreece to Reopen Schools Using Self\u2010Test Kits for COVID\u201019 \u201dAP News April 8 2021 https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/world\u2010news\u2010education\u2010coronavirus\u2010pandemic\u2010greece\u20109b04bbfc5e4e7b6b856f6ba3ae8cddc9."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/20427530221092854"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","unstructured":"L.Greenwood \u201cAdults' and Children's Views of a Sense of Belonging and How This Can Support Atypical School Transitions for Children in Care\u201d (Doctoral diss. The University of Manchester 2018)https:\/\/www.research.manchester.ac.uk\/portal\/files\/102608848\/FULL_TEXT.PDF."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11218\u2010021\u201009634\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2018.07.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4159\/9780674028845"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","first-page":"1643","volume-title":"International Encyclopedia of Education","author":"Bronfenbrenner U.","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0305764X.2020.1720603"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02673843.2019.1660998"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15305058.2019.1631024"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/2159676X.2019.1628806"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1609406919899220"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0142159X.2022.2057287"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01443410.2015.1099617"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19404476.2015.11641184"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tate.2017.11.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022022115617031"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12738\/estp.2017.1.0104"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2016.01014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_61_1","first-page":"114","article-title":"Australian adolescents' Extracurricular Activity Participation and Positive Development: Is the Relationship Mediated by Peer Attributes?","volume":"10","author":"Blomfield C.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Australian Journal of Educational and Developmental Psychology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/592307"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15388220.2012.762518"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0044118X11436188"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_65_1","volume-title":"Visible Learning: A Synthesis of Meta\u2010Analyses Relating to Achievement","author":"Hattie J.","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15374416.2011.581616"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10648\u2010022\u201009709\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00461520.2017.1421466"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcop.21793"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10464\u2010015\u20109751\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144\u2010020\u201000628\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/ajph.94.1.89"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pits.20304"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1375\/anft.28.2.109"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09518398.2013.771225"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijer.2015.02.004"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_77_1","first-page":"107","article-title":"Students' School Belonging: Juxtaposing the Perspectives of Teachers and Students in the Late Elementary School Years (Grades 4\u20138)","volume":"27","author":"Bouchard K. L.","year":"2017","journal-title":"School Community Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0272431607302940"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03055698.2021.1944063"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1348\/000709909X484479"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_81_1","first-page":"25","article-title":"Students' Ratings of School Climate and School Belonging for Understanding Their Effects and Relationships of Junior High Schools in Taiwan","volume":"13","author":"Huang H.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Global Journal of Human Social Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/soc12060189"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0146167219838577"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15804\/tner.2017.47.1.03"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964\u2010011\u20109737\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964\u2010007\u20109257\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14221\/ajte.2020v45n2.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mbe.12026"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/S1532480XADS0504_04"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0741932508315950"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_91_1","unstructured":"I. M.ShochetandA.Wurfl \u201cResourceful Adolescent Program for Teachers (RAP\u2010T): A Program for Teachers to Promote School Connectedness in Teenagers \u201d(2006) https:\/\/eprints.qut.edu.au\/49550\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13676261.2018.1477125"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1741143209334577"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_94_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"COVID\u201019: Exacerbating Educational Inequalities","author":"Doyle O.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Public Policy"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7227\/RIE.68.5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00220670309596617"}],"container-title":["Journal of School Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/josh.13529","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,2]],"date-time":"2025-04-02T13:23:02Z","timestamp":1743600182000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/josh.13529"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"references-count":95,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/josh.13529"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/josh.13529","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-4391","1746-1561"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-4391","type":"print"},{"value":"1746-1561","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-11-28","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-11-24","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-12-25","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}