{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T13:51:35Z","timestamp":1774014695600,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,23]],"date-time":"2025-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747958400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of School Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>School professionals, including classroom teachers, school administrators, psychologists, teachers' aides, and nurses, often interact with students with concussions. To ensure they have the knowledge to identify and manage concussions, the U.S. Centers of Disease Control and Prevention developed the HEADS UP to Schools online training.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The HEADS UP to Schools training includes a pre\u2010test and post\u2010test consisting of 16 knowledge questions in three areas (symptom recognition, school support and accommodation, and guidance and recommendations for school staff) and five self\u2010efficacy questions. Pre\u2010 and post\u2010test responses of 8750 individuals were compared and analyzed to evaluate the effectiveness of the training.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Respondent scores significantly improved between pre\u2010 and post\u2010test responses for all knowledge questions and self\u2010efficacy questions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Implications for School Health Policy, Practice, and Equity<\/jats:title><jats:p>Schools and school districts may consider offering this training to staff to help ensure that at least one person at each school is trained on concussion and to increase awareness of evidence\u2010based practices.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Knowledge and self\u2010efficacy on concussion identification and management improved among school professionals who completed the HEADS UP to Schools training. Future research to assess whether concussion knowledge and self\u2010efficacy are maintained long term may be beneficial.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/josh.70022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,23]],"date-time":"2025-05-23T09:33:42Z","timestamp":1747992822000},"page":"510-521","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Improvements in School Professionals' Knowledge and Self\u2010Efficacy After Completing <scp>CDC HEADS UP<\/scp> to Schools Online Training"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"95","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1762-6670","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Chang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Injury Prevention National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (NCIPC), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kelly","family":"Sarmiento","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Injury Prevention National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (NCIPC), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dana","family":"Waltzman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Injury Prevention National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (NCIPC), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention \u201cReport to Congress: The Management of Traumatic Brain Injury in Children \u201d(2018)."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7233a5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2024.05.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/josh.13126"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci9100257"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/josh.13532"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2015.04.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-0925"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0009922815589915"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2024.108062"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2016.4765"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2014\u20103434"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjsem\u20102019\u2010000667"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","unstructured":"PedsConcussion \u201cConcussion Recognition Initial Medical Assessment Return to School and Activity \u201d(2024) https:\/\/pedsconcussion.com\/section\/a\/#domain\u2010school_work."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","unstructured":"National Center for Education Statistics \u201cSchool Pulse Panel: Responses to the Pandemic and Efforts Toward Recovery \u201d(2024) https:\/\/nces.ed.gov\/surveys\/spp\/results.asp#tbi\u2010march2024\u2010chart2."},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Traumatic Brain Injury: Persistent Misconceptions and Knowledge Gaps Among Educators","volume":"26","author":"Ettel D.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Exceptionality Education International"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2014.09.038"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2016\u20102151"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention \u201cCDC HEADS UP \u201d(2024) https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/heads\u2010up\/index.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nop2.1931"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2020.04.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2021.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40037\u2010012\u20100012\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"2013 NCHS Urban\u2010Rural Classification Scheme for Counties","author":"Ingram D. 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