{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,22]],"date-time":"2025-11-22T10:29:17Z","timestamp":1763807357051,"version":"3.45.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]],"date-time":"2025-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757376000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010603","name":"Institute for Public Policy and Social Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010603","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of School Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>As students' use of mobile devices during school hours continues to increase, cyberbullying and online sexual harassment now occur during school hours, on school grounds via personal devices. Despite this growing reality, there is little knowledge about secondary school efforts to address it.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To understand what is needed to construct or reform policies that reflect students' online experiences, we used a mixed method approach to identify and analyze language (e.g., definitions, disciplinary measures) in sexual misconduct policy documents from a large, representative sample of secondary school districts in a midwestern state.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although few districts (14.7%) maintained separate or distinct policy documents related to sexual misconduct, the majority (80.9%) defined sexual harassment within a policy document, most commonly within broader codes of conduct or student handbooks. Only 14.1% of districts maintained cyberbullying policies containing information on online sexual misconduct, and approximately one third of districts included discussion of any form of online sexual misconduct within any policy documents.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Implications for School Health Policy, Practice, and Equity<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Secondary school administrators should address the ever\u2010growing occurrence of online sexual misconduct (and its impact on students) by expanding sexual misconduct policies that detail how online misconduct will not be tolerated and how survivors of digital sexual violence (e.g., image\u2010based sexual abuse) will be protected.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/josh.70076","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]],"date-time":"2025-09-09T22:34:06Z","timestamp":1757457246000},"page":"1112-1120","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Sexual Misconduct Policies in Secondary Schools: A Mixed\u2010Method Analysis of In\u2010Person and Online Behaviors and Consequences"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"95","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2387-5224","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Megan K.","family":"Maas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Development &amp; Family Studies Michigan State University  East Lansing Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kyla M.","family":"Cary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Illinois State University  Normal Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jacob","family":"Nason","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Social Work Michigan State University  East Lansing Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carrie A.","family":"Moylan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Social Work Michigan State University  East Lansing Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christia S.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Developmental, Social, and Health Psychology University of Kentucky  Lexington Kentucky USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/MMWR.SU7201A8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/EAT.23499"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L. B.KleinandS. L.Martin \u201cSexual Harassment of College and University Students: A Systematic Review \u201d22 no.4(2019):777\u2013792 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1524838019881731.","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838019881731"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/children11010023"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0165025419870292"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/26320770231200230"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/JOSI.12516"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.CHB.2024.108235"},{"volume-title":"Stranger is not Always Danger: The Myth and Reality of Meetings With Online Strangers","year":"2015","author":"Dedkova L.","key":"e_1_2_9_10_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","unstructured":"P.Lorentz D.\u0160mahel andM.Metykova Living in the Digital Age: Self\u2010Presentation Networking Playing and Participating in Politics(2015)."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/SGD0000309"},{"volume-title":"Sexual Harrasment Experiences During COVID\u201019 Quarantine","year":"2021","author":"Biefeld S. 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Accessed October 1 2024(2023) https:\/\/www.stopbullying.gov\/resources\/laws."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1077801215599079"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02506982"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0044118X14566118"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/SWR\/19.4.229"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/S10900\u2010016\u20100156\u2010Z\/TABLES\/3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","unstructured":"S.Nesbitt C.Sage S.Ghura andJ.O'Brian The Cost of Reporting: Perpetrator Retaliation Institutional Betrayal and Student Survivor Pushout(2021) https:\/\/www.knowyourix.org\/wpcontent\/%0Auploads\/2021\/03\/Know\u2010Your\u2010IX\u20102021\u2010Report\u2010Final\u2010Copy.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/josh.12048"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/2372966X.2021.1913037"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/JORA.12607"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","first-page":"209","volume-title":"Handbook of Mixed Methods in Social and Behavioral Research","author":"Creswell J. 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