{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T21:43:31Z","timestamp":1769723011214,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,6]],"date-time":"2025-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757116800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005188","name":"Tobacco-Related Disease Research Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TCCPC6880"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TCCPC6880"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005188","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005188","name":"Tobacco-Related Disease Research Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T33IR6655"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T33IR6655"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005188","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30CA093373"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30CA093373"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of School Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Since 2016, California has prohibited e\u2010cigarette use alongside smoking in K\u201012 schools. School tobacco policies may reduce student e\u2010cigarette use.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We analyzed 2022 to 2023 California Healthy Kids Survey (CHKS) and School Staff Survey data (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009219,114). Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine associations between student and staff awareness of school tobacco policies and current e\u2010cigarette use, adjusting for demographics.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among students, 5.2% reported current e\u2010cigarette use; 69.6% knew of a school policy. Most staff knew the policy (91.2%), but fewer endorsed consistent enforcement (88.2%) or prevention education (61.7%). Compared to students reporting no policy, those aware of one (OR\u2009=\u20090.54,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001) or unsure (OR\u2009=\u20090.40,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001) had lower use. Higher staff knowledge was associated with increased use (OR\u2009=\u20091.2,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0199), while enforcement agreement was associated with lower use (OR\u2009=\u20090.81,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0019).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Student knowledge and staff perceptions of policy enforcement were associated with lower e\u2010cigarette use. Findings suggest that consistent enforcement and school\u2010wide communication, not just policy presence, are essential for impact.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Implications<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Improving policy visibility and staff training on enforcement may strengthen school policies and reduce tobacco use.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/josh.70077","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,6]],"date-time":"2025-09-06T12:50:11Z","timestamp":1757163011000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Student and Staff Knowledge of School Tobacco Policies and Student E\u2010Cigarette Use, California 2022\u20132023"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"96","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6978-1840","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shichen","family":"Zheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences University of California  Davis California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susan L.","family":"Stewart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences University of California  Davis California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elisa K.","family":"Tong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine University of California Davis Medical Center  Sacramento California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Theresa H.","family":"Keegan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences University of California  Davis California USA"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine University of California Davis Medical Center  Sacramento California USA"},{"name":"UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis Medical Center  Sacramento California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3448-5811","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melanie S.","family":"Dove","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences University of California  Davis California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/tc.2010.038885"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","unstructured":"California Department of Education \u201cStudents\u2014Alcohol Tobacco & Other Drug Prevention: Prohibition Against Tobacco Use \u201dhttps:\/\/www.cde.ca.gov\/ls\/he\/at\/tobpolicyregs.asp."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0091\u20107435(86)90025\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2017\u20100570"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/josh.12360"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1746\u20101561.2008.00369.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12529\u2010019\u201009825\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18332\/tid\/93594"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14485\/hbpr.5.4.8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0264378"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","unstructured":"CalSCHLS \u201cSchool Climate Report Card (High School)\u20142022\u20132023 \u201d 2023 https:\/\/calschls.org\/docs\/sample_hs_scrc_2223.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","unstructured":"T. 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