{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T14:58:00Z","timestamp":1785337080851,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]],"date-time":"2025-12-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766707200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]],"date-time":"2025-12-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766707200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of School Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Youth mental health concerns are rising, with schools key access points for support. Interdisciplinary collaboration among school mental health professionals (SMHPs) is vital for addressing complex needs but is often hindered by role ambiguity, staffing shortages, and systemic barriers. This study explored SMHPs' lived collaboration experiences in U.S. public schools.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using a qualitative phenomenological approach, semi\u2010structured interviews were conducted with 19 SMHPs across K\u201312 settings. Data were analyzed to identify themes describing collaboration experiences.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Five themes emerged: (1) context for collaboration, including formal structures like MTSS and informal interactions; (2) benefits such as holistic care, efficiency, and preventing students from \u201cfalling through the cracks\u201d; (3) facilitators like clear communication, trust, and respect; (4) barriers including confidentiality constraints, role confusion, and limited time; and (5) training needs, with participants calling for interdisciplinary preparation and ongoing development.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Implications for School Health Policy, Practice, and Equity<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study highlights the importance of structured, role\u2010aware collaboration. Recommendations include collaboration agreements, peer learning communities, and interdisciplinary training in graduate programs. School leaders should embed collaboration into improvement plans to enhance coordinated student support.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Strengthening structured interdisciplinary teamwork and clarifying roles can improve school mental health service delivery and student outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/josh.70107","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,27]],"date-time":"2025-12-27T07:07:48Z","timestamp":1766819268000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A Phenomenological Investigation of Interdisciplinary Mental Health Collaboration in Schools"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"96","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7875-9725","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rawn","family":"Boulden","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"North Carolina State University  Raleigh North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Henry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia Tech  Blacksburg Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","unstructured":"Mental Health America \u201cAddressing the Youth Mental Health Crisis: The Urgent Need for More Education Services and Supports \u201d2020 https:\/\/mhanational.org\/sites\/default\/files\/FINAL%20MHA%20Report%20\u2010%20Addressing%20Youth%20Mental%20Health%20Crisis%20\u2010%20July%202021.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) \u201cYouth Risk Behavior Survey: Data Summary and Trends Report \u201daccessed July 23 2025 https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/healthyyouth\/data\/yrbs\/pdf\/YRBS_Data\u2010Summary\u2010Trends_Report2023_508.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","volume-title":"Suicide and Homicide Death Rates Among Youth and Young Adults Aged 10\u201324: United States, 2001\u20132021","author":"Curtin S. C.","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.su7102a1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2156759X241310866"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","volume-title":"The 2021 National School Climate Survey","author":"Gay, Lesbian & Straight Education Network","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","unstructured":"Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration \u201cRacial\/Ethnic Differences in Mental Health Service Use Among Adults and Adolescents (2015\u20132019) \u201d2021 https:\/\/www.samhsa.gov\/data\/report\/racialethnic\u2010differences\u2010mental\u2010health\u2010service\u2010use."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2022.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2020.04.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0208088"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888\u2010016\u20100829\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","unstructured":"American Academy of Pediatrics \u201cSupporting Students With Depression \u201d2022 https:\/\/www.aap.org\/en\/patient\u2010care\/school\u2010health\/mental\u2010health\u2010in\u2010schools\/supporting\u2010students\u2010with\u2010depression\u2010in\u2010school."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2021.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2017.09.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2013.00261"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization \u201cMental Health \u201daccessed July 2025 https:\/\/www.who.int\/health\u2010topics\/mental\u2010health."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40258\u2010022\u201000761\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.6646"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tate.2007.09.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1754730X.2014.978119"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2017.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0022714"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","volume-title":"Promoting Mental Health and Well\u2010Being in Schools: An Action Guide for School and District Leaders","author":"Division of Adolescent and School Health (DASH), National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.55533\/2643\u20109662.1413"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","volume-title":"The ASCA National Model: A Framework for School Counseling Programs","author":"American School Counselor Association","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","volume-title":"Prevalence of Mental Health Services Provided by Public Schools and Limitations in Schools' Efforts to Provide Mental Health Services (Condition of Education)","author":"National Center for Education Statistics","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.55533\/2643-9662.1334"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2022.09.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","volume-title":"Most Schools Report Some Concern about Students Meeting Academic Standards and Issues Related to Staffing Shortages [Press release]","author":"National Center for Education Statistics","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12310\u2010011\u20109049\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","unstructured":"American Psychological Association \u201cTackling Mental Health Issues in Schools: What Will It Take? \u201d2024 https:\/\/www.apa.org\/topics\/schools\u2010classrooms\/mental\u2010health\u2010concerns."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10488\u2010020\u201001080\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","unstructured":"US Department of Health and Human Services \u201cProtecting Youth Mental Health: The US Surgeon General's Advisory \u201d2021 https:\/\/www.hhs.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/surgeon\u2010general\u2010youth\u2010mental\u2010health\u2010advisory.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1754730X.2011.9715629"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","unstructured":"National Association of School Psychologists \u201cThe Professional Standards of the National Association of School Psychologists \u201d2020 https:\/\/www.nasponline.org\/x55315.xml."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","unstructured":"National Association of Social Workers \u201cPractice Standards for School Social Workers \u201d2025 https:\/\/www.socialworkers.org\/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=QPIxK9M1g4A%3d&portalid=0."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Counseling Association \u201cACA Code of Ethics \u201d2014 https:\/\/www.counseling.org\/resources\/aca\u2010code\u2010of\u2010ethics.pdf.","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119221548.ch6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","unstructured":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services \u201cProtecting Youth Mental Health: The U.S. Surgeon General's Advisory \u201d2021 https:\/\/www.hhs.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/surgeon\u2010general\u2010youth\u2010mental\u2010health\u2010advisory.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2017.11.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cdev.12864"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12310\u2010017\u20109218\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1746\u20101561.2011.00682.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272\u20107358(98)00070\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","volume-title":"The School Pulse Panel Surveys Public K\u201312 Schools in the U.S. on High\u2010Priority, Education\u2010Related Topics (2024 Data)","author":"National Center for Education Statistics","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12310\u2010019\u201009325\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13561820.2018.1435526"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","volume-title":"Qualitative Inquiry in Clinical and Educational Settings","author":"Hays D. G.","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4135\/9781412995658"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","volume-title":"Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing Among Five Approaches","author":"Creswell J. W.","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","volume-title":"Critical Qualitative Research in Counseling and Psychotherapy","author":"Prosek E. A.","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2156759X19882660"}],"container-title":["Journal of School Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/josh.70107","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/josh.70107","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/josh.70107","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T13:40:47Z","timestamp":1777642847000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/josh.70107"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/josh.70107"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/josh.70107","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-4391","1746-1561"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-4391","type":"print"},{"value":"1746-1561","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-07-25","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-12-16","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-12-26","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70107"}}