{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T15:13:34Z","timestamp":1777907614273,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767571200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767571200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of School Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Synthetic cannabinoids (SCs), such as Spice and K2, appeal to adolescents because they are inexpensive and often evade standard drug tests. We assessed associations between SC use and sports\u2010related traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) among US adolescents.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We analyzed nationally representative Youth Risk Behavior Survey data from 2017\u20132021 (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200927,482). Sports\u2010related TBIs were defined as self\u2010reported concussion in the past year. SC use was defined as lifetime use. Weighted multivariable logistic regression assessed the associations, adjusting for demographic and behavioral factors.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overall, 6.0% reported SC use, and 13% reported a sports\u2010related TBI. TBI prevalence was higher among SC users (22.9%) than non\u2010users (12.4%). SC use was associated with increased odds of a sports\u2010related TBI (AOR 1.48, 95% CI 1.30\u20131.70). Other significant predictors included boys vs. girls (AOR 1.38, 95% CI 1.28\u20131.49), Black race vs. White (AOR 1.26, 95% CI 1.13\u20131.40), current alcohol use (AOR 1.75, 95% CI 1.61\u20131.91), marijuana use (AOR 1.16, 95% CI 1.05\u20131.28), depressive symptoms (AOR 1.21, 95% CI 1.11\u20131.32), and suicidal ideation (AOR 1.14, 95% CI 1.03\u20131.25).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Implications for School Health Policy, Practice, and Equity<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Incorporating SC\u2010use screening into sports physicals and improving equitable access to concussion education may help reduce preventable injuries.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>SC use is associated with elevated sports\u2010related concussion risk among adolescents.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/josh.70112","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T00:24:18Z","timestamp":1767659058000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Synthetic Cannabinoid Use and Sports\u2010Related Concussion Risk Among\n                    <scp>US<\/scp>\n                    Adolescents: Implications for School Health Screening and Prevention"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"96","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0398-6384","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saurabh","family":"Kalra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Miller School of Medicine University of Miami  Miami Florida USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nandakumar","family":"Nagaraja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine Pennsylvania State University  Hershey Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Deepak","family":"Kalra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cleveland Clinic  Weston Florida USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.ss6609a1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/29768357241254258"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13181\u2010017\u20100612\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10826084.2018.1455699"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","volume-title":"World Drug Report 2024 (Set of 3 Booklets)","author":"Drugs UNOo","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.su7201a10"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10826084.2016.1160121"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","volume-title":"Youth Risk Behavior Survey Data Summary & Trends Report: 2013\u20132023","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","volume-title":"Monitoring the Future National Survey Results on Drug Use, 1975\u20132022: Overview, Key Findings on Adolescent Drug Use","author":"Johnston L. 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