{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T12:58:19Z","timestamp":1791291499026,"version":"4.3.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791072000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of School Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In 2023, 17.9% of US households with children experienced food insecurity. While the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) aims to reduce food insecurity, persistent under\u2010enrollment, labeled the \u201cSNAP Gap,\u201d limits its impact. Schools represent a strategic yet underutilized setting to reach eligible families. This study examined school\u2010based strategies to increase caregivers' awareness and knowledge of SNAP.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twelve diverse school districts implemented stigma\u2010free SNAP outreach initiatives, reaching 8601 participants across 37 outreach events statewide. Caregiver knowledge and perceptions about SNAP were then assessed via online retrospective post\u2010then\u2010pre surveys and analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi\u2010square tests.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among caregivers (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20091144), SNAP outreach was associated with statistically significant increases in knowledge (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), including awareness of benefits, eligibility, application sites, and available assistance.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Implications for School Health Policy, Practice, and Equity<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Tailored, school\u2010based outreach can reduce stigma, normalize use, and increase knowledge of SNAP. Partnerships with community organizations enhance support while minimizing school staff burden.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Schools are effective access points for narrowing the SNAP Gap through outreach, education, and stigma reduction. Future research should examine student perspectives on SNAP and school meal program participation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/josh.70255","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T23:20:28Z","timestamp":1791156028000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Promising Practices to Promote Snap at Schools: A Quantitative Analysis of Snap Outreach Efforts"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"96","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-0009-5388","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer Salt","family":"Taylor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family and Community Health Sciences, Rutgers Cooperative Extension, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey  New Brunswick New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kiersten","family":"Koch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family and Community Health Sciences, Rutgers Cooperative Extension, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey  New Brunswick New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-2648-9177","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jenna","family":"DeSimone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family and Community Health Sciences, Rutgers Cooperative Extension, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey  New Brunswick New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4843-6754","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo","family":"Kairios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family and Community Health Sciences, Rutgers Cooperative Extension, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey  New Brunswick New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-2084-5808","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Veronica","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family and Community Health Sciences, Rutgers Cooperative Extension, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey  New Brunswick New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","volume-title":"Food Security in the U.S.\u2014Definitions of Food Security","author":"Rabbitt M.","year":"2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","volume-title":"Measuring Food Security in the United States","author":"Bickel G.","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18178990"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cdev.12764"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","unstructured":"U.S. Department of Agriculture Economic Research Service \u201cKey Statistics & Graphics: Food Security in the U.S. \u201dupdated September 19 2024 https:\/\/www.ers.usda.gov\/topics\/food\u2010nutrition\u2010assistance\/food\u2010security\u2010in\u2010the\u2010us\/key\u2010statistics\u2010graphics."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2019\u20100397"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/fam0000651"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","volume-title":"Programs","author":"USDA Food and Nutrition Service","year":"2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","volume-title":"Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP)","author":"USDA Food and Nutrition Service","year":"2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","volume-title":"Reaching Those in Need: Estimates of State SNAP Participation Rates in 2022","author":"United States Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutrition Service","year":"2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","volume-title":"The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) and the Economy: New Estimates of the SNAP Multiplier","author":"Canning 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