{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T07:22:44Z","timestamp":1780471364995,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,28]],"date-time":"2013-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1359331200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Paediatrics Child Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Primary chilblains are an idiopathic cold\u2010induced vasculopathy affecting the soft tissues of the hands and feet. Secondary chilblains occur in different forms of vasculitis and chronic autoimmune connective tissue disorders. Idiopathic chilblains are rarely reported in children and may generate significant anxiety to doctors and patients. We describe a cluster of idiopathic chilblains encountered over the winter of 2010 in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>erth, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">W<\/jats:styled-content>estern <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>ustralia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This is a retrospective review of patients identified from a prospectively compiled database of all new cases seen in our department. Data on history, examination, investigations, prescribed treatments and outcomes were collected.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirty\u2010two patients with isolated idiopathic chilblains were included, including 20 females and 12 males with a median age at onset of 13.5 years. Lesions were papular with signs of peripheral vasoconstriction causing acrocyanosis, and uncomfortable due to pain and\/or pruritis in most. Thickening of the small joints was common where lesions involved these areas. Ulceration of lesions also occurred in some. One patient required hospitalisation for secondary bacterial infection. Most received some form of treatment including non\u2010steroidal anti\u2010inflammatory drugs, prednisolone or nifedipine. Most patients improved spontaneously with warmer weather or responded to cold protection advice. All had resolved completely by late spring (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">N<\/jats:styled-content>ovember).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our cluster of chilblains was associated with an unusually cold winter in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>erth 2010. It is the largest series reported in the literature, suggesting that chilblains may be more common than previously thought. Chilblains are almost always benign in nature and patients are systemically well and usually need no further investigation and only symptomatic treatment. Prompt recognition can avoid excessive investigation and anxiety, allowing appropriate simple advice and treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.12094","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,28]],"date-time":"2013-01-28T12:43:41Z","timestamp":1359377021000},"page":"144-147","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Major cluster of chilblain cases in a cold dry <scp>W<\/scp>estern <scp>A<\/scp>ustralian winter"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Larkins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Department Princess Margaret Hospital  Perth Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin J","family":"Murray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Department Princess Margaret Hospital  Perth Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2009.07.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2004-2681"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","volume-title":"Stedman's Medical Dictionary","author":"Pugh MB","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1470.2000.01722.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1255059"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2010.183145"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1470.1994.tb00063.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2001.117861"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-0960.1989.tb00403.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1989.tb07792.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","volume-title":"Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics","author":"Kleigman R","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","first-page":"185","article-title":"A cluster of chilblains in Hong Kong","volume":"14","author":"Chan Y","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hong Kong Med. J."}],"container-title":["Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjpc.12094","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjpc.12094","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jpc.12094","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,15]],"date-time":"2023-10-15T04:56:32Z","timestamp":1697345792000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jpc.12094"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,28]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jpc.12094"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jpc.12094","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1034-4810","1440-1754"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1034-4810","type":"print"},{"value":"1440-1754","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2012-02-06","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2013-01-28","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}