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Screening echocardiography has the potential to detect early rheumatic heart disease thereby enabling timely commencement of treatment (secondary prophylaxis) to halt disease progression. However, a number of issues prevent echocardiographic screening for rheumatic heart disease satisfying the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>ustralian criteria for acceptable screening programs. Primarily, it is unclear what criteria should be used to define a positive screening result as questions remain regarding the significance, natural history and potential treatment of early and subclinical rheumatic heart disease. Furthermore, at present the delivery of secondary prophylaxis in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>ustralia remains suboptimal such that the potential benefits of screening would be limited. Finally, the impact of echocardiographic screening for rheumatic heart disease on local health services and the psychosocial health of patients and families are yet to be ascertained.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.12215","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,3]],"date-time":"2013-05-03T06:40:00Z","timestamp":1367563200000},"page":"526-531","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Screening for rheumatic heart disease in <scp>A<\/scp>boriginal and <scp>T<\/scp>orres <scp>S<\/scp>trait <scp>I<\/scp>slander children"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Marc Gerard Wootton","family":"R\u00e9mond","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cairns Clinical School School of Medicine and Dentistry James Cook University  Cairns Queensland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emma Kathleen","family":"Wark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cairns Clinical School School of Medicine and Dentistry James Cook University  Cairns Queensland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Graeme Paul","family":"Maguire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cairns Clinical School School of Medicine and Dentistry James Cook University  Cairns Queensland"},{"name":"Baker IDI  Alice Springs Northern Territory Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","unstructured":"National Heart Foundation of Australia.(RF\/RHD guideline development working group) and the Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand. 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