{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T07:47:28Z","timestamp":1768895248804,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,6]],"date-time":"2014-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1402012800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Paediatrics Child Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To describe the clinical and histopathological characteristics of infantile haemangiomas that failed treatment with oral propranolol .<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study is a case series from the vascular birthmarks clinic at <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">R<\/jats:styled-content>oyal <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>hildren's <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">H<\/jats:styled-content>ospital, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>elbourne.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Patients<\/jats:title><jats:p>The patients for this study were infants who commenced treatment with oral propranolol before 6 months of age and who were treated for at least 4 months without a satisfactory\n result. For histology and immunohistochemistry, tissue from the four non\u2010responding patients who subsequently underwent surgical excision was matched with four historical controls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Outcome measures<\/jats:title><jats:p>Based on medical record review and photographic assessments, infants were defined as having failed treatment with oral propranolol if the infantile haemangioma either continued to grow or showed 20% improvement or less. Tissue sections were examined for tissue structure, mast cells, sympathetic innervations and beta\u20102 adrenergic receptor expression, and the number of mast cells and beta\u20102 adrenergic positive cells.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>From a group of 135 infants who met the inclusion criteria, 14 infants failed propranolol treatment. Eleven of these infants had focal facial haemangiomas. No difference was seen in tissue morphology, tissue innervations, beta\u20102 adrenergic receptor expression, cell number or mast cell distribution, and number between non\u2010responding and control haemangiomas.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>We report a treatment failure rate of 10%, which is higher than previously reported. Focal facial lesions failed to respond twice as frequently as other types of haemangioma. No histopathological reason was identified to indicate why some haemangiomas failed to respond.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.12600","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,6]],"date-time":"2014-06-06T09:54:39Z","timestamp":1402048479000},"page":"619-625","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Infantile haemangiomas that failed treatment with propranolol: Clinical and histopathological features"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Roderic J","family":"Phillips","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Vascular Biology Murdoch Children's Research Institute  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Paediatrics Monash University  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zerina","family":"Lokmic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vascular Biology Murdoch Children's Research Institute  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Catherine M","family":"Crock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Haematology Royal Children's Hospital  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anthony","family":"Penington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vascular Biology Murdoch Children's Research Institute  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Paediatrics University of Melbourne  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc0708819"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ad.2011.02.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","first-page":"341","article-title":"Use of propranolol in infantile haemangioma among Chinese children","volume":"16","author":"Chik KK","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hong Kong Med. 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