{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T08:21:19Z","timestamp":1772526079623,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,1]],"date-time":"2014-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1409529600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004330","name":"GlaxoSmithKline","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004330","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"ADHB Research Committee"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Paediatrics Child Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]},"abstract":"Aim<\/jats:title>This study aims to describe the microbiology of middle ear fluid (MEF<\/jats:styled-content>) in a cohort of children vaccinated with S<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>treptococcus pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> conjugate vaccine (PCV<\/jats:styled-content>7) having ventilation tube insertion. Nasopharyngeal (NP<\/jats:styled-content>) carriage of otopathogens in these children is compared with children without history of otitis media.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>Between M<\/jats:styled-content>ay and N<\/jats:styled-content>ovember 2011, MEF<\/jats:styled-content> and NP<\/jats:styled-content> samples from 325 children aged <3 years were collected in three major centres in New Zealand at the time of ventilation tube insertion. An age\u2010matched non\u2010otitis\u2010prone comparison group of 137 children had NP<\/jats:styled-content> samples taken. A questionnaire was completed by both groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>Immunisation coverage with at least one dose of PCV<\/jats:styled-content>7 was 97%. H<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>aemophilus influenzae<\/jats:italic> was cultured in 19.4% of MEF<\/jats:styled-content> and was polymerase chain reaction (PCR) positive in 43.4%. S<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>.\u2009pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> and M<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>oraxella catarrhalis<\/jats:italic> were cultured in <10% of MEF<\/jats:styled-content> samples but were PCR positive for 23.1% and 38.7%, respectively. H<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>.\u2009influenzae<\/jats:italic> was the most common organism isolated from NP<\/jats:styled-content> samples (60%) in the grommet group, while M<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>.\u2009catarrhalis<\/jats:italic> (56%) was the most common in the non\u2010otitis prone group. S<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>.\u2009pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> was more commonly found in the nasopharynx of children with ear disease (41% vs. 29%). 19F<\/jats:styled-content> was the most prominent S<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>.\u2009pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> serotype in NP<\/jats:styled-content> samples of both groups, but no serotype dominated in MEF<\/jats:styled-content>. Ninety\u2010five per cent of H<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>.\u2009influenzae<\/jats:italic> isolates were confirmed to be non\u2010typeable H<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>.\u2009influenzae.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusion<\/jats:title>In this cohort of children with established ear disease requiring surgical intervention, non\u2010typeable H<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>.\u2009influenzae<\/jats:italic> is the dominant pathogen in both the nasopharynx and MEF<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.12710","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,1]],"date-time":"2014-09-01T05:24:35Z","timestamp":1409549075000},"page":"300-306","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["What is behind the ear drum? The microbiology of otitis media and the nasopharyngeal flora in children in the era of pneumococcal vaccination"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Nikki","family":"Mills","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Auckland District Health Board Starship Children's Hospital Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emma J","family":"Best","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Auckland District Health Board Starship Children's Hospital Auckland New Zealand"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Murdoch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Canterbury Health Laboratories Christchurch Hospital University of Otago Christchurch New Zealand"},{"name":"Department of Pathology University of Otago Christchurch New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Melanie","family":"Souter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Canterbury District Health Board Christchurch Hospital University of Otago Christchurch New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michel","family":"Neeff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Auckland District Health Board Starship Children's Hospital Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Trevor","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Canterbury Health Laboratories Christchurch Hospital University of Otago Christchurch New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lesley","family":"Salkeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Auckland District Health Board Starship Children's Hospital Auckland New Zealand"},{"name":"Counties Manukau District Health Board Manukau Superclinic Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zahoor","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Counties Manukau District Health Board Manukau Superclinic Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Murali","family":"Mahadevan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Auckland District Health Board Starship Children's Hospital Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Colin","family":"Barber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Auckland District Health Board Starship Children's Hospital Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Colin","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Auckland District Health Board Starship Children's Hospital Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cameron","family":"Walker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tony","family":"Walls","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Canterbury District Health Board Christchurch Hospital University of Otago Christchurch New Zealand"},{"name":"Paediatrics University of Otago Christchurch New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/11535710-000000000-00000"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","volume-title":"The Health Status of Children and Young People in New Zealand","author":"Craig E","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-200666120-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.inf.0000101189.81501.e9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.inf.0000168748.92510.45"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-200107000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1142","DOI":"10.1097\/01.inf.0000148233.57296.90","article-title":"Haemophilic influenzae: a significant pathogen in acute otitis media","volume":"23","author":"Leibovitz E","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatr. 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