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When administered to selected populations of adults, in particular those displaying delayed sleep phase disorder, melatonin may advance the time of sleep onset. It is, however, being increasingly prescribed for children with sleep disorders despite the fact that (i) it is not registered for use in children anywhere in the world; (ii) it has not undergone the formal safety testing expected for a new drug, especially long\u2010term safety in children; (iii) it is known to have profound effects on the reproductive systems of rodents, sheep and primates, as well as effects on the cardiovascular, immune and metabolic systems; and (iv) there is the potential for important interactions with drugs sometimes prescribed for children. In this review, I discuss properties of melatonin outside its ability to alter sleep timing that have been widely ignored but which raise questions about the safety of its use in infants and adolescents.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.12840","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,3]],"date-time":"2015-02-03T07:09:13Z","timestamp":1422947353000},"page":"584-589","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":76,"title":["Potential safety issues in the use of the hormone melatonin in paediatrics"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"David J","family":"Kennaway","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Robinson Research Institute Medical School University of Adelaide  Adelaide South Australia Australia"},{"name":"School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health Medical School University of Adelaide  Adelaide South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2012.09.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1403494812464446"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)69351-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-73-6-1276"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/php.12241"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.141.3577.277"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-99-6-1534"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-4320(92)90011-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-4320(92)90012-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2009.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/jrf.0.0860435"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-64-4-865"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jog.12177"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.74.1.108"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv-1-2-109"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv-12-2-151"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.110.002832"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-61-6-1214"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1099-081X(200001)21:1<15::AID-BDD215>3.0.CO;2-H"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-079X.2001.310408.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","first-page":"85","article-title":"Melatonin and sleep","volume":"3","author":"Zisapel N","year":"2010","journal-title":"Open Neuroendocrinol. 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