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We compared RF<\/jats:styled-content> surveillance across O<\/jats:styled-content>rganisation for E<\/jats:styled-content>conomic C<\/jats:styled-content>o\u2010operation and Development (OECD<\/jats:styled-content>) member countries to assist in benchmarking and identifying useful approaches.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>A structured literature review was completed using M<\/jats:styled-content>edline and P<\/jats:styled-content>ubM<\/jats:styled-content>ed databases, investigating RF<\/jats:styled-content> incidence rates. Surveillance methods were noted. Health department websites were searched to assess whether addressing RF<\/jats:styled-content> was a Government priority.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>Of 32 OECD<\/jats:styled-content> member countries, nine reported RF<\/jats:styled-content> incidence rates after 1999. Highest rates were seen in indigenous A<\/jats:styled-content>ustralians, and NZ M<\/jats:styled-content>\u0101ori and P<\/jats:styled-content>acific peoples. NZ<\/jats:styled-content> and A<\/jats:styled-content>ustralian surveillance systems are highly developed, with notification and register data compiled regularly. Only these two Governments appeared to prioritise RF<\/jats:styled-content> surveillance and control. Other countries relied mainly on hospitalisation data. There is a lack of standardisation across incidence rate calculations. I<\/jats:styled-content>srael and I<\/jats:styled-content>taly may have relatively high RF<\/jats:styled-content> rates among developed countries.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions<\/jats:title>RF<\/jats:styled-content> lingers in specific populations in OECD<\/jats:styled-content> member countries. At a minimum, RF<\/jats:styled-content> registers are needed in higher incidence countries. Countries with low RF<\/jats:styled-content> incidences should periodically review surveillance information to ensure rates are not increasing.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.12969","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,14]],"date-time":"2015-07-14T18:56:36Z","timestamp":1436900196000},"page":"1071-1077","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Comparison of approaches to rheumatic fever surveillance across O<\/scp>rganisation for E<\/scp>conomic C<\/scp>o\u2010operation and Development countries"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Jane","family":"Oliver","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health University of Otago Wellington New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael G","family":"Baker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health University of Otago Wellington New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nevil","family":"Pierse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health University of Otago Wellington New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Carapetis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Telethon Kids Institute University of Western Australia Perth Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.Rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease. 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