{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T22:40:48Z","timestamp":1780353648896,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,8]],"date-time":"2016-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1470614400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005230","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["cstc2014jctjA10052"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["cstc2014jctjA10052"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005230","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Affiliated Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Clinical Research Projects","award":["lcyj2014-8"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["lcyj2014-8"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Paediatrics Child Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Neonatal sepsis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NS<\/jats:styled-content>) sustains high mortality and morbidity in China, but data on the epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance patterns of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NS<\/jats:styled-content> pathogens are limited.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The clinical features, aetiology and antimicrobial resistance of culture\u2010proven <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NS<\/jats:styled-content> were analysed over a period of 25 years in the metropolitan city of Chongqing in Southwest China.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The occurrence rates of neonatal early\u2010onset sepsis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EOS<\/jats:styled-content>) were found to gradually decrease while late\u2010onset sepsis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LOS<\/jats:styled-content>) was kept stable from 1990 to 2014. Although coagulase\u2010negative staphylococcus (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CoNS<\/jats:styled-content>) sepsis accounted for most infections, the occurrence rates of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CoNS<\/jats:styled-content> sepsis gradually decreased, especially in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EOS<\/jats:styled-content>. <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Klebsiella<\/jats:italic> were common Gram\u2010negative bacteria. The occurrence rates of <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Klebsiella<\/jats:italic> remained stable in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EOS<\/jats:styled-content>; however, in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LOS<\/jats:styled-content>, those had increased mildly, especially from 2009 to 2014. Although a high\u2010degree resistance to common first\u2010 and second\u2010line antimicrobials was observed for the main causative pathogens of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NS<\/jats:styled-content>, the gentamicin\u2010resistance rate declined gradually from the year 2003. Similarly, the ceftazidime\u2010resistance rate of <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> dropped gradually from the year 2007.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The alarmingly high degree of antibiotic resistance calls for urgent evaluation and development of antibiotic policy and protocols for the treatment of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NS<\/jats:styled-content>. Clinicians should strictly control the antibiotics use, decrease invasive manipulations and shorten hospitalisation to prevent <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LOS<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.13278","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,8]],"date-time":"2016-08-08T19:11:56Z","timestamp":1470683516000},"page":"939-943","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Pathogen and antimicrobial resistance profiles of culture\u2010proven neonatal sepsis in Southwest China, 1990\u20132014"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Qi","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics  Chongqing China"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Chengdu First People's Hospital  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Tu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yao","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jialin","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shupeng","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics  Chongqing China"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Anhui Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical University  Hefei China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0095-5108(18)30181-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2431-10-39"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000213"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"QaziSA StollBJ. 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