{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T16:23:37Z","timestamp":1774715017817,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,4]],"date-time":"2016-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1475539200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Paediatrics Child Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To define the clinical characteristics, investigations, management and outcomes of lymphoedema in a paediatric cohort.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A retrospective chart review of children with lymphoedema seen at two tertiary paediatric hospitals since 1998. Telephone interviews with parents were performed when information was missing. Information recorded included demographic data, features of diagnosis and clinical presentation, symptoms, complications and treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 86 patients with lymphoedema were identified. Eighty cases (93%) were primary and six cases (7%) were secondary. Most were female (60%). Location of swelling was most commonly the lower limbs (94%). There were 13 cases (15%) of genital involvement. Swelling presented in the first 12\u2009months of life in 60% of primary lymphoedema patients. Complications of lymphoedema occurred in 73% of patients. Lymphoscintigraphy was the most common investigation used (65%), followed by ultrasound (57%) and magnetic resonance imaging (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRI<\/jats:styled-content>) (35%). Eight of the 48 (17%) lymphoscintigraphs produced a false negative result or were inconclusive with a correct diagnosis subsequently made clinically and using <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRI<\/jats:styled-content>. Average time to diagnosis was 9\u2009months. Lymphoedema was managed with compression garments (99%), manual lymph drainage (97%) and multilayered bandaging (68%). Eight patients had an operative procedure as a part of management.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Primary lymphoedema is more common than secondary lymphoedema in children. Onset tends to be during infancy for both males and females, and the lower limb is typically involved. Causes of secondary lymphoedema are diverse and rare. Diagnosis in children is often delayed but is possible based on history and physical examination alone and when further investigation is necessary <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRI<\/jats:styled-content> is effective.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.13305","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,12]],"date-time":"2016-10-12T15:09:09Z","timestamp":1476284949000},"page":"38-42","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Paediatric lymphoedema: A retrospective chart review of 86 cases"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Hilary","family":"Watt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Davinder","family":"Singh-Grewal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vascular Birthmarks Clinic, Sydney Children's Hospital  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, The Royal Alexandria Hospital for Children (Children's Hospital at Westmead)  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, The University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Orli","family":"Wargon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Vascular Birthmarks Clinic, Sydney Children's Hospital  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Adams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Vascular Birthmarks Clinic, Sydney Children's Hospital  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","first-page":"14","article-title":"Audit of childhood lymphoedema in the United Kingdom undertaken by members of the Children's Lymphoedema Special Interest Group","volume":"9","author":"Todd J","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Lymphoedema"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2011.06.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e31820a64f3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/phleb.2008.008010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","unstructured":"National Lymphedema Network Medical Advisory Committee.Position Statement of the National Lymphedema Network: The Diagnosis And Treatment of Lymphedema. San Francisco: National Lymphedema Network 2011."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","volume-title":"International Consensus: Best Practice for the Management of Lymphoedema","author":"Lymphoedema Framework","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","first-page":"580","article-title":"A systematic review of the evidence for complete decongestive therapy in the treatment of lymphedema from 2004 to 2011","volume":"4","author":"Lasinski B","year":"2013","journal-title":"Phys. Med. Rehabil."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0741-5214(89)70040-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.167.3.3363131"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","first-page":"311","article-title":"IUA\u2010ISVI consensus for diagnosis guideline of chronic lymphedema of the limbs","volume":"34","author":"Lee B","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. Angiol."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0038182"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12968\/ijpn.2002.8.9.10689"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hcg126"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003475.pub2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2008.07559.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.breast.2014.11.010"}],"container-title":["Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjpc.13305","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjpc.13305","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jpc.13305","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T19:57:33Z","timestamp":1696190253000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jpc.13305"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,4]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jpc.13305"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jpc.13305","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1034-4810","1440-1754"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1034-4810","type":"print"},{"value":"1440-1754","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2016-04-12","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-05-31","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-10-04","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}