{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T21:04:17Z","timestamp":1790370257464,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,24]],"date-time":"2017-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1487894400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Paediatrics Child Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hyponatraemia with hyperkalaemia in infancy is a typical presentation of congenital adrenal hyperplasia. In the presence of pyelonephritis, the same biochemical picture can occur with transient type 1 pseudohypoaldosteronism (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PHA<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101) also termed type 4 renal tubular acidosis. Recognition of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PHA<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 enables appropriate management thus avoiding unnecessary investigations and treatment. To improve awareness of this condition, we present a case series to highlight the clinical and biochemical features of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PHA<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A retrospective chart review of patients diagnosed with transient <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PHA<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 at a tertiary children's hospital in Western Australia was conducted.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Five male infants (32\u2009days to 6 months) with transient <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PHA<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 were identified. Failure to thrive was the most common symptom with hyponatraemia on presentation. Two infants had antenatally diagnosed bilateral hydronephrosis and urinary tract infection (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UTI<\/jats:styled-content>) on admission. Two infants were treated for congenital adrenal hyperplasia and received hydrocortisone. All infants had <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UTI<\/jats:styled-content> and required parenteral antibiotics. The condition was transient and hyponatraemia corrected by day 4 in all infants. There was no correlation between plasma sodium and aldosterone levels. The severity of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PHA<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 was independent of the underlying renal anomaly. Four infants had hydronephrosis and vesicoureteric reflux. Surgical intervention was required in two infants.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PHA<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 may be precipitated by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UTI<\/jats:styled-content> or urinary tract anomalies in early infancy. Urine analysis should be performed in infants with hyponatraemia. Diagnosis of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PHA<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 facilitates appropriate renal investigations to reduce long\u2010term morbidity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.13481","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,24]],"date-time":"2017-02-24T08:35:18Z","timestamp":1487925318000},"page":"458-463","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Transient pseudohypoaldosteronism in infancy secondary to urinary tract infection"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Mary B","family":"Abraham","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes The University of Western Australia  Perth Western Australia Australia"},{"name":"School of Child Health and Paediatrics The University of Western Australia  Perth Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Larkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Princess Margaret Hospital The University of Western Australia  Perth Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine S","family":"Choong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes The University of Western Australia  Perth Western Australia Australia"},{"name":"School of Child Health and Paediatrics The University of Western Australia  Perth Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vinutha B","family":"Shetty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes The University of Western Australia  Perth Western Australia Australia"},{"name":"School of Child Health and Paediatrics The University of Western Australia  Perth Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-011-1541-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000342508"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2008020166"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(83)80406-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-009-1285-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1687-9856-2009-195728"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","first-page":"67","article-title":"Secondary pseudohypoaldosteronism caused by urinary tract infection associated with urinary tract anomalies: Case reports","volume":"54","author":"Torun\u2010Bayram M","year":"2012","journal-title":"Turk. 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