{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T17:36:44Z","timestamp":1772991404858,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,16]],"date-time":"2017-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1510790400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":15,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Paediatrics Child Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Otitis media (OM) is a common condition in Australia. It represents a spectrum of diseases from otitis media with effusion (OME) to chronic suppurative otitis media. For all the OM diagnoses, Australian Indigenous children have higher rates of early onset, severe and persistent disease. OME is the most common form of OM and often occurs after an upper respiratory tract infection. It can be difficult to diagnose (and often goes unrecognised). Hearing loss is the most important complication. The middle\u2010ear effusion impedes the movement of the tympanic membrane and causes a conductive hearing loss of around 25 dB. Around 20% will have a hearing loss exceeding 35 dB. Children with early onset, persistent, bilateral OME and hearing loss (or speech delay) are most likely to benefit from interventions. However, the impact of all the effective treatment options is modest. Giving advice about effective communication strategies for young children is always appropriate. The best evidence from randomised trials supports not using antihistamines and\/or decongestants, considering a trial of antibiotics and referral for tympanostomy tubes. Despite the availability of evidence\u2010based guidelines, giving advice about treatment is a challenge because recommendations vary according to condition, age, risk of complications and parental preference. While most children with OME can be effectively managed in primary care, we need to get children who meet the criteria for simple ear, nose and throat procedures that improve hearing on to ear, nose and throat surgery waiting lists. Long delays in hearing support may contribute to life\u2010long social and economic disadvantage.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.13757","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,17]],"date-time":"2017-11-17T03:00:20Z","timestamp":1510887620000},"page":"1060-1064","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Ear, nose and throat surgery: All you need to know about the surgical approach to the management of middle\u2010ear effusions in Australian Indigenous and non\u2010Indigenous children"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Kelvin","family":"Kong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunter ENT John Hunter Hospital  Newcastle New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francis J","family":"Lannigan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nedlands ENT Princess Margaret Hospital  Perth Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter S","family":"Morris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics Royal Darwin Hospital  Darwin Northern Territory Australia"},{"name":"Child Health Division Menzies School of Health Research  Darwin Northern Territory Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amanda J","family":"Leach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Child Health Division Menzies School of Health Research  Darwin Northern Territory Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen J","family":"O'Leary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital University of Melbourne  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.2009.tb02925.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e3180621177"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2009.09.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12875-014-0181-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","volume-title":"Recommendations for Clinical Care Guidelines on the Management of Otitis Media in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Populations (Updated 2010)","author":"Morris P","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2016.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599815623467"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2012-3488"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.113.5.1412"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)15495-0"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","first-page":"CD006285","article-title":"Autoinflation for hearing loss associated with otitis media with effusion","author":"Perera R","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. 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