{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T10:55:16Z","timestamp":1783076116155,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,26]],"date-time":"2018-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1522022400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GNT1046727"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GNT1046727"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100002076","name":"Emergency Medicine Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EMPJ\u201011162"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EMPJ\u201011162"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100002076","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001511","name":"Auckland Medical Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["3112011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3112011"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001511","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001505","name":"Health Research Council of New Zealand","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HRC13\/556"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HRC13\/556"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001505","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Paediatrics Child Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Penetrating head injuries (pHIs) are associated with high morbidity and mortality. Data on pHIs in children outside North America are limited. We describe the mechanism of injuries, neuroimaging findings, neurosurgery and mortality for pHIs in Australia and New Zealand.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This was a planned secondary analysis of a prospective observational study of children &lt;18 years who presented with a head injury of any severity at any of 10 predominantly paediatric Australian\/New Zealand emergency departments (EDs) between 2011 and 2014. We reviewed all cases where clinicians had clinically suspected pHI as well as all cases of clinically important traumatic brain injuries (death, neurosurgery, intubation &gt;24 h, admission &gt;2 days and abnormal computed tomography).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of 20 137 evaluable patients with a head injury, 21 (0.1%) were identified to have sustained a pHI. All injuries were of non\u2010intentional nature, and there were no gunshot wounds. The mechanisms of injuries varied from falls, animal attack, motor vehicle crashes and impact with objects. Mean Glasgow Coma Scale on ED arrival was 10; 10 (48%) had a history of loss of consciousness, and 7 (33%) children were intubated pre\u2010hospital or in the ED. Fourteen (67%) children underwent neurosurgery, two (10%) craniofacial surgery, and five (24%) were treated conservatively; four (19%) patients died.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Paediatric pHIs are very rare in EDs in Australia and New Zealand but are associated with high morbidity and mortality. The absence of firearm\u2010related injuries compared to North America is striking and may reflect Australian and New Zealand firearm regulations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.13903","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,26]],"date-time":"2018-03-26T18:00:40Z","timestamp":1522087240000},"page":"861-865","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Penetrating head injuries in children presenting to the emergency department in Australia and New Zealand: A PREDICT prospective study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1107-2187","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Franz E","family":"Babl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Department Royal Children's Hospital  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Emergency Research Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences University of Melbourne  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark D","family":"Lyttle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Research Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Emergency Department Bristol Children's Hospital  Bristol United Kingdom"},{"name":"Academic Department of Emergency Care University of the West of England  Bristol United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Bressan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Research Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Women's and Children's Health University of Padova  Padova Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meredith L","family":"Borland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Department Princess Margaret Hospital for Children  Perth Western Australia Australia"},{"name":"School of Medicine University of Western Australia  Perth Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalie","family":"Phillips","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Department Lady Cilento Children's Hospital  Brisbane Queensland Australia"},{"name":"Child Health Research Centre, School of Medicine University of Queensland  Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amit","family":"Kochar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Department Women's and Children's Hospital  Adelaide South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Dalton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Department Children's Hospital at Westmead  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3615-3821","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John A","family":"Cheek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Department Royal Children's Hospital  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Emergency Research Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Emergency Department Monash Medical Centre  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuri","family":"Gilhotra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Department Lady Cilento Children's Hospital  Brisbane Queensland Australia"},{"name":"Child Health Research Centre, School of Medicine University of Queensland  Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeremy","family":"Furyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Department Townsville Hospital  Townsville Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jocelyn","family":"Neutze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Department Kidzfirst Middlemore Hospital  Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Donath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Research Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences University of Melbourne  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Hearps","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Research Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Arpone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Research Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences University of Melbourne  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louise","family":"Crowe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Research Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stuart R","family":"Dalziel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Department Starship Children's Health  Auckland New Zealand"},{"name":"Liggins Institute University of Auckland  Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruth","family":"Barker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queensland Injury Surveillance Unit  Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ed","family":"Oakley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Department Royal Children's Hospital  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Emergency Research Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences University of Melbourne  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)61558-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.091421"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-1063"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2005.083980"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e318265cdce"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2016.5.PEDS167"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0000000000000743"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1754.2009.01499.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1556-4029.2009.01125.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.8752"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","first-page":"195","volume-title":"Reducing Gun Violence in America: Informing Policy with Evidence and Analysis","author":"Peters R","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","unstructured":"GunPolicy.Org.Australia and New Zealand \u2013 Gun Facts Figures and the Law. Sydney: Sydney School of Public Health The University of Sydney; 2017. Available from:http:\/\/www.gunpolicy.org\/firearms\/region\/[accessed 10 June 2017]."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-6723.2006.00823.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2431-14-148"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30555-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1076-6332(03)80086-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2008.08.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1614.2006.01782.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","unstructured":"Child and Youth Mortality Review Committee.Child and Youth Mortality Review Committee Mortality Data Reports. Wellington: Health Quality and Safety Commission New Zealand; 2017. Available from:https:\/\/www.hqsc.govt.nz\/our\u2010programmes\/mrc\/cymrc\/publications\u2010and\u2010resources\/publication\/1311\/[accessed 10 June 2017]."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","unstructured":"Child and Youth Mortality Review Committee.11th Data Report 2010\u20132014. Wellington: The Committee;2015."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","unstructured":"Child and Youth Mortality Review Committee.6th Data Report. Wellington: The Committee;2010."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","unstructured":"Child and Youth Mortality Review Committee.2nd Data Report. Wellington: The Committee;2004."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","unstructured":"National Coronial Information System.Projectile Related Fatalities of Persons Aged 15 Years and Younger in Australia. 2002\u20132014. Southbank: National Coronial Information System; 2017. Report No.: DR17\u201049."}],"container-title":["Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjpc.13903","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jpc.13903","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,18]],"date-time":"2023-09-18T00:44:03Z","timestamp":1694997843000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jpc.13903"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,26]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jpc.13903"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jpc.13903","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1034-4810","1440-1754"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1034-4810","type":"print"},{"value":"1440-1754","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2017-12-23","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-01-24","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-03-26","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}