{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T23:36:55Z","timestamp":1780529815811,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,9]],"date-time":"2018-08-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1533772800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Victorian Government Department of Health and Human Services"},{"name":"Northern Hospital supports Language Services"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Paediatrics Child Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To examine refugee health assessments in Syrian and Iraqi children in the context of changes to offshore immigration screening, updated Australian refugee health guidelines and the primary care refugee health model in Victoria.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This is a retrospective audit of Syrian and Iraqi children aged 0\u201317\u2009years attending a specialist immigrant health service from January 2015 to September 2017.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We saw 128 children (7 months\u201316\u2009years, 64.8% male). Prior to arrival, 58.9% of children had experienced trauma, and 67.9% had missed at least 1 year of school. Almost all children (93.3%) were linked with a regular general practitioner in Australia, and 23.6% children were linked with a refugee health nurse; offshore health records were infrequently available. Of school\u2010aged children, 25% were not enrolled in school 3 months after arrival. Only 2 of 113 (1.8%) children had completed a recommended refugee health assessment, and 55.1% had commenced appropriate catch\u2010up vaccination in primary care. After screening completion, the most prevalent conditions were low vitamin D (63.6%); growth\/nutrition (24.2%), neurological\/metabolic (16.4%), learning\/behaviour (15.6%) and mental health (12.5%) concerns; latent tuberculosis infection (11.8%); and developmental delay (10.2%). Sixteen children required surgery after arrival, and six children had life\u2010threatening medical conditions on arrival \u2013 only one had an offshore critical alert; care for the other five children resulted in 133 unanticipated hospital admission days.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>There are substantial challenges with the current primary care screening model in Victoria. Disability, developmental and mental health concerns were prominent in this cohort, and many children had delays in education access, compounding prior disadvantage.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.14142","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,10]],"date-time":"2018-08-10T01:08:57Z","timestamp":1533863337000},"page":"95-103","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["\u2018I think we've had a health screen\u2019: New offshore screening, new refugee health guidelines, new Syrian and Iraqi cohorts: Recommendations, reality, results and review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"55","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7957-6728","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachel C","family":"Heenan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Immigrant Health Service, Department of General Medicine Royal Children's Hospital  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Volkman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immigrant Health Service, Department of General Medicine Royal Children's Hospital  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics University of Melbourne  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Infection and Immunity Murdoch Childrens Research Institute  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Stokes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immigrant Health Service, Department of General Medicine Royal Children's Hospital  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0022-1009","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shidan","family":"Tosif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immigrant Health Service, Department of General Medicine Royal Children's Hospital  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics University of Melbourne  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Infection and Immunity Murdoch Childrens Research Institute  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hamish","family":"Graham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immigrant Health Service, Department of General Medicine Royal Children's Hospital  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics University of Melbourne  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Infection and Immunity Murdoch Childrens Research Institute  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immigrant Health Service, Department of General Medicine Royal Children's Hospital  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Tran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immigrant Health Service, Department of General Medicine Royal Children's Hospital  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics Northern Hospital  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georgia","family":"Paxton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immigrant Health Service, Department of General Medicine Royal Children's Hospital  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Infection and Immunity Murdoch Childrens Research Institute  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","unstructured":"RodgersL GrittenD OfferJ AsareP. Syria: The story of a conflict.BBC News2016; 11 Mar."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","unstructured":"United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees.Syria Regional Refugee Response \u2013 Inter\u2010Agency Information Sharing Portal.Geneva: United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees;2017. Available from:http:\/\/data.unhcr.org\/syrianrefugees\/regional.php[accessed 22 November 2017]."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","unstructured":"United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees.Syria: Internally Displaced People.Geneva: United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees;2017. Available from:http:\/\/www.unhcr.org\/sy\/internally-displaced-people[accessed 22 November 2017]."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","unstructured":"United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees.Iraq Emergency.Geneva: United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees;2017. Available from:http:\/\/www.unhcr.org\/sy\/internally-displaced-people[accessed 22 November 2017]."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","unstructured":"Department of Immigration and Border Protection.Australia's Response to the Syrian and Iraqi Humanitarian Crisis.Canberra: Department of Immigration and Border Protection Australian Government; 2017. Available from:http:\/\/www.border.gov.au\/Trav\/Refu\/response-syrian-humanitarian-crisis[accessed 29 October 2017]."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/camh.12237"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","unstructured":"Save the Children.Invisible Wounds: The Impact of Six Years of War on the Mental Health of Syria's Children.Fairfield CT: Save the Children;2017. Available from:https:\/\/www.savethechildren.org\/content\/dam\/usa\/reports\/emergency-response\/invisible-wounds-report.PDF[accessed 29 October 2017]."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","unstructured":"UNICEF USA.Infographic: Syrian Children Under Siege.New York NY: UNICEF;2014. Available from:https:\/\/www.unicefusa.org\/stories\/mission\/emergencies\/conflict\/syria\/infographic-syrian-children-under-siege\/582[accessed 29 October 2017]."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","unstructured":"Department of Immigration and Border Protection.Global Special Humanitarian Visa (Subclass 202).Canberra: Department of Immigration and Border Protection Australian Government; 2017. Available from:https:\/\/www.border.gov.au\/Trav\/Visa-1\/202[accessed 22 November 2017]."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","unstructured":"Department of Social Services.Refugee Settlement Media Hub. Settlement and Multicultural Affairs.Canberra: Department of Social Services Australian Government;2017. Available from:https:\/\/www.dss.gov.au\/settlement\u2010and\u2010multicultural\u2010affairs\/programs\u2010policy\/syrian\u2010and\u2010iraqi\u2010refugee\u2010crisis\/refugee\u2010settlement\u2010media\u2010hub[accessed 22 November 2017]."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","unstructured":"Department of Immigration and Border Protection.Panel Member Instructions: Australia Immigration Medical Examinations.Canberra: Department of Immigration and Border Protection Australian Government;2016. Available from:https:\/\/www.homeaffairs.gov.au\/Panelphysicians\/Documents\/panel-member-instructions.pdf[accessed 22 November 2017]."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","volume-title":"Recommendations for Comprehensive Post\u2010Arrival Health Assessment for People From Refugee\u2010Like Backgrounds","author":"Chaves N","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","unstructured":"Department of Immigration and Citizenship.Departure Health Check. Instructions for Refugee and Special Humanitarian Programme Entrants to Australia.Canberra: Department of Immigration and Citizenship Australian Government;2012."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","unstructured":"Department of Immigration and Border Protection.Health Examinations.Canberra: Department of Immigration and Border Protection Australian Government; 2017. Available from:http:\/\/www.border.gov.au\/Trav\/Visa\/Heal\/meeting-the-health-requirement\/health-examinations[accessed 22 November 2017]."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","unstructured":"Department of Health.Health Assessment for Refugees and Other Humanitarian Entrants into Australia.Canberra: Australian Government Department of Health; 2017. Available from:http:\/\/www.health.gov.au\/internet\/main\/publishing.nsf\/Content\/mbsprimarycare_mbsitem_refugees_qanda[accessed 22 November 2017]."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/mja16.00826"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.2009.tb02489.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","unstructured":"Department of Health.Medicare Benefits Schedule Online.Canberra: Department of Health Australian Government;2017. Available from:http:\/\/www.mbsonline.gov.au\/[accessed 19 November 2017]."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","volume-title":"The Australian Immunisation Handbook","author":"Australian Technical Advisory Group on Immunisation","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.2006.tb00726.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0038194"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004910"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1103360"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199903113401006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","unstructured":"Social Services Legislation Amendment (No Jab No Pay) Act 2015. c2015. Available from:http:\/\/www.aph.gov.au\/Parliamentary_Business\/Bills_LEGislation\/Bills_Search_Results\/Result?bId=r5540[accessed 17 March 2016]."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","unstructured":"Department of Health and Human Services.Refugee Health Program.Melbourne: Department of Health and Human Services Victorian Government;2016. Available from:https:\/\/www2.health.vic.gov.au\/primary-and-community-health\/community-health\/population-groups\/refugee-health-program[accessed 25 August 2016]."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-016-0187-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14745\/ccdr.v42is2a03"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","unstructured":"Department of Immigration and Border Protection.Visas That Have a Health Waiver Provision.Canberra: Department of Immigration and Border Protection Australian Government; 2017. Available from:https:\/\/www.border.gov.au\/Trav\/Visa\/Heal\/overview\u2010of\u2010the\u2010health\u2010requirement\/visas\u2010that\u2010have\u2010a\u2010health\u2010waiver\u2010provision[accessed 26 November 2017]."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","unstructured":"BowenC. Australia committed to refugees most in need [media release]. Canberra: Department of Immigration and Citizenship Minister for Immigration and Citizenship Media Releases Australian Government; 2012; 20 Sep. Available from:http:\/\/pandora.nla.gov.au\/pan\/67564\/20120920-0001\/www.minister.immi.gov.au\/media\/cb\/2012\/cb186539.htm[accessed 29 October 2017]."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","volume-title":"Left Behind: Refugee Education in Crisis","author":"United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","unstructured":"Department of Health.Medicare \u2013 Pathology Under Medicare: Pathology Questions and Answers.Canberra: Department of Health Australian Government;2017. Available from:http:\/\/www.health.gov.au\/internet\/main\/publishing.nsf\/Content\/pathqa[accessed 4 January 2017]."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1754.2009.01550.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-8462-5-20"}],"container-title":["Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjpc.14142","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jpc.14142","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,14]],"date-time":"2023-09-14T12:43:41Z","timestamp":1694695421000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jpc.14142"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,9]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jpc.14142"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jpc.14142","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1034-4810","1440-1754"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1034-4810","type":"print"},{"value":"1440-1754","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-03-13","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-06-28","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-08-09","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}