{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T03:53:45Z","timestamp":1782446025674,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,17]],"date-time":"2018-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1537142400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003189","name":"Freemasons New Zealand","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003189","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Paediatrics Child Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Delayed gastric emptying (GE) has been demonstrated in adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Little is known about GE in children with T1DM. Most methods to measure GE are invasive, that is, scintigraphy, or are only indirectly related to GE, that is, electrogastrography. Carbon\u201013 breath testing is a non\u2010invasive, very low\u2010risk procedure that accurately correlates with GE time. This was a pilot study to determine the feasibility of using carbon\u201013 breath testing to measure GE in children with T1DM and healthy controls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cases were recruited from children aged 7\u201315 years presenting to the paediatric diabetic clinic at Christchurch Hospital. Controls were peers of the cases. Children with known gastrointestinal disease were excluded. After an overnight fast, each child ate a standardised pancake labelled with carbon\u201013 sodium octanoate. Samples of breath were collected over a 4\u2010h period. Samples were analysed by mass spectrometry. GE half time (GET<jats:sub>1\/2<\/jats:sub>) and GE coefficients (GEC) were calculated by linear regression to obtain a measure of GE.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 19 cases and 15 age\u2010 and gender\u2010matched controls underwent testing. The mean GEC in the cases was 3.19 (\u00b10.38) and 2.90 (\u00b10.29) in controls (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.03), with an effect size = 0.86. Mean GET<jats:sub>1\/2<\/jats:sub> in the cases was 99 (52.1) min and 103 (27.5) in controls (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.8), with an effect size = 0.1.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study generated results suggesting that a larger study will be worthwhile to investigate the relationship between GE and T1DM.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.14215","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,18]],"date-time":"2018-09-18T01:45:43Z","timestamp":1537235143000},"page":"416-420","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Gastric emptying in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus: A pilot study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"55","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8910-3959","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jody A","family":"Porter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Department, University of Otago  Christchurch New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen E","family":"MacKenzie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Department, University of Otago  Christchurch New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian A","family":"Darlow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Department, University of Otago  Christchurch New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ross","family":"Butler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, University of South Australia  Adelaide South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew S","family":"Day","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Department, University of Otago  Christchurch New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","unstructured":"International Society for Paediatric and Adolescent Diabetes International Diabetes Federation.Global IDF\/ISPAD Guideline for Diabetes in Childhood. 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