{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]],"date-time":"2026-07-18T10:58:21Z","timestamp":1784372301136,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,22]],"date-time":"2018-11-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1542844800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Paediatrics Child Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>(i) To determine the prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) and characteristics associated with LTBI in children attending a paediatric refugee clinic and (ii) to determine whether current New South Wales (NSW) Health screening practices could miss LTBI cases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was a retrospective analysis of tuberculosis (TB) screening data from refugee and asylum seeker children who attended a refugee clinic in a tertiary children's hospital during 2014 and 2015. We determined associations between LTBI and child characteristics at 5% significance levels.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of 358 children attending the clinic, 235 children (66%) received interferon\u2010gamma release assay (IGRA) testing, of whom 28 (11.9%) had positive results. Of the 28 with positive IGRAs, 12 (42.9%) would have been missed using NSW Health screening guidelines: two because they were younger than 2 years old, one who was born in Australia and 10 because they were not born in high TB incidence countries. IGRA results were not significantly associated with any of the child characteristics examined, including age, gender, travel through transit countries, boat versus plane arrival into Australia, whether the child had been in a detention centre or TB incidence in the source country.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We identified 12 children with LTBI who would have been missed using current NSW Health Department screening practices. These children are at risk of progression to active disease, particularly the two aged younger than 2 years old. We recommend universal screening.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.14304","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,19]],"date-time":"2018-12-19T08:40:30Z","timestamp":1545208830000},"page":"826-832","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Latent tuberculosis may be missed by current screening practices: Analysis of interferon\u2010gamma release assay results from a paediatric refugee clinic"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"55","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5928-2247","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katrina","family":"Colgan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Assessment for Refugee Kids Clinic Priority Populations, Children's Hospital at Westmead Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Assessment for Refugee Kids Clinic Priority Populations, Children's Hospital at Westmead Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alanna","family":"Maycock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Assessment for Refugee Kids Clinic Priority Populations, Children's Hospital at Westmead Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip N","family":"Britton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Assessment for Refugee Kids Clinic Priority Populations, Children's Hospital at Westmead Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Merran","family":"Mackenzie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Assessment for Refugee Kids Clinic Priority Populations, Children's Hospital at Westmead Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Isaacs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Assessment for Refugee Kids Clinic Priority Populations, Children's Hospital at Westmead Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4900-1277","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hasantha","family":"Gunasekera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Assessment for Refugee Kids Clinic Priority Populations, Children's Hospital at Westmead Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.Global Tuberculosis Report. Geneva: The Organization; 2016. Available from:http:\/\/www.who.int\/tb\/publications\/global_report\/en\/[accessed September 2017]."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","unstructured":"Australian Department of Immigration and Border Protection.Annual Report2016\u201317. Canberra: Department of Immigration and Border Protection; 2017. Available from:https:\/\/www.homeaffairs.gov.au\/ReportsandPublications\/Documents\/annual-reports\/complete-annual-report-2016-17.pdf[accessed October 2018]."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","unstructured":"Victorian Department of Health and Human Services.Management Control and Prevention of Tuberculosis: Guidelines for Healthcare Providers. Melbourne: State Government of Victoria; 2016. Available from:https:\/\/www2.health.vic.gov.au\/about\/publications\/policiesandguidelines\/tuberculosis\u2010guidelines\u20102015[accessed September 2017]."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","article-title":"Overview of paediatric tuberculosis in cases treated in the Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, Australia","author":"Yazidi L","year":"2018","journal-title":"Public Health Res. Pract."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","unstructured":"New South Wales Department of Health.The New South Wales Tuberculosis Report 2012\u20132014. Sydney: The Department; 2015. Available from:http:\/\/www.health.nsw.gov.au\/Infectious\/tuberculosis\/Documents\/tb-report-2012-14.pdf[accessed September 2017]."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jir449"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.Tuberculosis Factsheet. Geneva: The Organization; 2017. Available from:http:\/\/www.who.int\/mediacentre\/factsheets\/fs104\/en\/[accessed September 2017]."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1008049"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","unstructured":"New South Wales Department of Health.Communicable Diseases \u2013 July 2016. Sydney: The Department; 2016. Available from:http:\/\/www.health.nsw.gov.au\/hpr\/Pages\/201607-diseases.aspx[accessed September 2017]."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","unstructured":"Australasian Society for Infectious Diseases.Recommendations for Comprehensive Post\u2010arrival Health Assessment for People from Refugee\u2010like Backgrounds. Sydney: The Society; 2016. Available from:https:\/\/www.asid.net.au\/documents\/item\/1225[accessed September 2017]."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1754.2010.01869.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.13865"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1754.2012.02429.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa031667"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.12503"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g7397"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1611283113"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/187152611795589645"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.33321\/cdi.2015.39.54","article-title":"Policy recommendation: Latent tuberculosis infection screening and treatment in children in immigration detention","volume":"39","author":"Krause V; National Tuberculosis Advisory Committee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Commun. 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