{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T20:14:57Z","timestamp":1773087297257,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,21]],"date-time":"2019-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1553126400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Paediatrics Child Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To examine neonatal morbidities, including the incidence of cerebellar haemorrhage (CBH), and neurodevelopmental outcomes following the administration of high loading dose caffeine citrate compared to standard loading dose caffeine citrate.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This was a retrospective study of 218 preterm infants &lt;28\u2009weeks\u2019 gestation who received a loading dose of caffeine citrate within the first 36\u2009h of life at the Mater Mothers' Hospital over a 3\u2010year period (2011\u20132013). Two groups were compared, with 158 neonates in the high\u2010dose cohort receiving a median dose of caffeine citrate of 80\u2009mg\/kg and 60 neonates in the standard dose cohort receiving a median dose of 20\u2009mg\/kg. Routine cranial ultrasound, including mastoid views, was performed during the neonatal period. At 2 years of age, infants presented for follow\u2010up and were assessed with the Neurosensory Motor Developmental Assessment (NSMDA) and the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development\u2010III (Bayley\u2010III).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There was no difference in the incidence of neonatal morbidities, including CBH, between the two groups. The incidence of CBH in the high\u2010dose group was 2.5% compared to 1.7% in the standard\u2010dose group. There was no difference in the neurodevelopmental follow\u2010up scores as evaluated with the NSMDA and the Bayley\u2010III.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The use of early high loading dose caffeine citrate in extremely preterm infants was not shown to be associated with CBH or abnormal long\u2010term neurodevelopmental outcomes. The overall incidence of CBH, however, was much lower than in studies using magnetic resonance imaging techniques. It is suggested that a large randomised clinical trial is needed to determine the optimal dose of caffeine citrate when given early to very preterm infants.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.14446","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,22]],"date-time":"2019-03-22T02:59:10Z","timestamp":1553223550000},"page":"1451-1457","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Early high\u2010dose caffeine citrate for extremely preterm infants: Neonatal and neurodevelopmental outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Brooke","family":"Firman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Newborn Services Mater Mothers' Hospital  Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Attila","family":"Molnar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Newborn Services Mater Mothers' Hospital  Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter H","family":"Gray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Newborn Services Mater Mothers' Hospital  Brisbane Queensland Australia"},{"name":"Mothers', Babies' and Women's Health Programme, Mater Research Institute  Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.siny.2017.07.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa054065"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa073679"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2016.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1754.2003.00207.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2002.023432"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-015-2494-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2017-313556"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clp.2018.01.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/pr.2015.72"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1754.2010.01943.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.13366"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2017-314264"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2009.09.069"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.13089"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2015.1041493"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","volume-title":"Report of the Australian and New Zealand Neonatal Network 2013","author":"Chow SSW","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(78)80282-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","first-page":"8","article-title":"A report: The definition and classification of cerebral palsy","volume":"109","author":"Rosenbaum P","year":"2007","journal-title":"Dev. 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