{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T19:30:47Z","timestamp":1783366247993,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,3]],"date-time":"2019-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1554249600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Paediatrics Child Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>The rat lungworm, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>Angiostrongylus cantonensis<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>, is well established in eastern Australia, where it is the almost exclusive cause of human eosinophilic meningoencephalitis (EME). While neuroangiostrongyliasis can result in severe morbidity or death, its diagnosis requires a high index of clinical suspicion among medical practitioners. Prevention requires a high level of public awareness.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We report two cases of EME in children from Queensland and summarise all reported Australian cases from the literature. We discuss the pathogenesis of neuroangiostrongyliasis, with particular reference to the timing of prophylaxis and treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A 5\u2010year\u2010old girl developed severe headache, eosinophilic meningitis and abnormal neuroimaging following a holiday to Bali. A 10\u2010year\u2010old boy with Rubinstein\u2010Taybi syndrome, marked developmental delay and pica developed EME following ingestion of a snail, resulting in long\u2010term morbidity. From 1971 to 2018, 28 Australian cases have been reported, with acquisition restricted to Southeast Queensland and New South Wales. Ages ranged from 10 months to 45 years; most were male and most likely acquired infection from consuming unwashed lettuce or vegetables. The mortality rate was 18%; most fatalities occurred in children &lt;1 year old. Long\u2010term neurological deficit was reported in 14% of cases and a full recovery in 57% of cases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Heightened medical and public awareness of the parasite is required to prevent infection and subsequent disease. A better understanding of the efficacy of prophylactic anthelmintic following ingestion or handling of molluscs and further studies of epidemiology of this parasite will inform and facilitate public health recommendations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.14461","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,4]],"date-time":"2019-04-04T01:19:45Z","timestamp":1554340785000},"page":"1463-1469","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Two cases of neuroangiostrongyliasis: A rare disease because rarely considered or rarely diagnosed?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Angela","family":"Berkhout","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine University of Queensland  Brisbane Queensland Australia"},{"name":"Department General Paediatrics Queensland Children's Hospital  Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Prociv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony","family":"Herbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine University of Queensland  Brisbane Queensland Australia"},{"name":"Palliative Care Service Queensland Children's Hospital  Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leslie T","family":"Anthony","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine University of Queensland  Brisbane Queensland Australia"},{"name":"Child Development Queensland Children's Hospital  Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clare","family":"Nourse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine University of Queensland  Brisbane Queensland Australia"},{"name":"Infection Prevention and Management Service Queensland Children's Hospital  Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","unstructured":"ChiongF LloydA PostJ A case of locally acquired severe angiostrongylus meningoencephalitis with good clinical outcome.ASID Annual Scientific Meeting2018; 10\u201312 May 2018 Gold Coast QLD."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2017-316074.101"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cit444"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","first-page":"440","article-title":"Angiostrongylus meningoencephalitis: Survival from minimally conscious state to rehabilitation","volume":"8","author":"Blair N","year":"2013","journal-title":"MJA"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.2003.tb05623.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1999.tb127880.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.17-0206"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-5994.1994.tb01480.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","first-page":"78","article-title":"Eosinophilic meningitis due to Angiostrongylus cantonensis","volume":"159","author":"Fuller A","year":"1993","journal-title":"West. 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