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Caring parenting has been shown to offset the negative effects of early adversity in general population samples. However, the long\u2010term impact of caring parenting on the mental health of preterm survivors in adulthood is not known.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Using data from the world's oldest longitudinally followed cohort of ELBW survivors (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009179) and matched normal birthweight (NBW) control participants (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009145), we examined if caring parenting moderated the link between preterm birth and mental health at 30\u201335\u2009years of age. Participants reported on the parenting they received from their mothers using the parental bonding instrument. Self\u2010esteem and internalising problems (i.e. depression, anxiety) were self\u2010reported at 30\u201335 years of age using the Coopersmith Self\u2010Esteem Inventory and Young Adult Self\u2010Report questionnaire, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A statistically significant interaction was found between birthweight status and caring maternal parenting on self\u2010esteem and internalising psychopathology in adulthood. Stratified analyses demonstrated that caring parenting was associated with better self\u2010esteem (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and lower levels of internalising symptoms (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001), but in NBW participants only.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>While the receipt of caring maternal parenting promoted mental health in adults born at NBW, it did not have the same protective effect on ELBW survivors. More research is needed to elucidate the aspects of parenting and the family environment that promote the long\u2010term mental health of preterm survivors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.14476","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,24]],"date-time":"2019-04-24T01:51:57Z","timestamp":1556070717000},"page":"1481-1486","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Exposure to caring parenting and adult mental health in extremely low birthweight survivors"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Bahar","family":"Amani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences McMaster University  Hamilton Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louis A","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Neuroscience, and Behaviour McMaster University  Hamilton Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saroj","family":"Saigal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics McMaster University  Hamilton Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryan J","family":"Van Lieshout","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences McMaster University  Hamilton Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4755-10-S1-S2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.siny.2013.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/bul0000091"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2014-3143"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12826"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291798007533"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","volume-title":"Attachment and Loss: Attachment","author":"Bowlby J","year":"1969"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geronj\/48.3.P109"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2014-3570"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.38.5.806"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005534503148"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-5834.1994.tb01277.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291702005937"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2012.09.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1521\/ijct.2012.5.3.316"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.58.4.644"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00332747.1996.11024748"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0327(81)90038-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","first-page":"310","article-title":"Adult attachment security and symptoms of depression: The mediating roles of dysfunctional attitudes and low self\u2010esteem","volume":"70","author":"Roberts JE","year":"2016","journal-title":"Personal. 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