{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T07:37:23Z","timestamp":1780472243653,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,8]],"date-time":"2020-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1594166400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Paediatrics Child Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Acute rheumatic fever (ARF) most commonly presents in children aged 5\u201314\u2009years old. Lifelong rheumatic heart disease (RHD) can result. This study investigated time trends in ARF and RHD using inpatient data from the Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne (RCH).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A retrospective cohort study covering the period 1937\u20132013 was conducted using records from RCH, a quaternary paediatric hospital in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Patient data were identified using RCH classification of diseases coding for ARF or RHD for years &lt;1952. For the period 1952\u20131987, this system was used in addition to identifying International Classification of Disease (ICD) discharge codes that corresponded to ARF or RHD. From 1988\u20132013, only ICD codes were used to identify patient data. Descriptive epidemiological analyses were performed, including incidence rate calculations using historical census population denominator data. Analyses focussed on children in the peak age group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among children aged five to 14\u2009years, a total of 4337 RCH admissions with ARF\/RHD occurred for 3015 patients. A sharp decline in first ARF\/RHD hospitalisations at RCH occurred from 1959, following a peak mean annual incidence rate during 1944\u20131947 of 40.1\/100\u2009000 children (95% confidence interval (CI): 36.6\u201343.9; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Over 1996\u20132013, the mean annual incidence rate was 1.6\/100\u2009000 (95% CI: 1.3\u20131.8) and reached 2.3\/100\u2009000 (95% CI: 1.3\u20133.7) in 2005.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The burden of ARF and RHD treated at RCH declined following the 1940s, mirroring changes seen in North America and Europe. Despite this, inpatient treatment for these conditions continued to be provided right up until the end of the study period.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.14950","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,8]],"date-time":"2020-07-08T17:25:57Z","timestamp":1594229157000},"page":"1408-1413","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Incidence of acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease in Melbourne, Australia from 1937 to 2013"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"56","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5548-7512","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jane","family":"Oliver","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tropical Diseases Research Group Murdoch Children's Research Institute  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity University of Melbourne  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua","family":"Osowicki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tropical Diseases Research Group Murdoch Children's Research Institute  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics University of Melbourne  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of General Medicine Royal Children's Hospital  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Billie","family":"Cordell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tropical Diseases Research Group Murdoch Children's Research Institute  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3482-6348","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Myra","family":"Hardy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tropical Diseases Research Group Murdoch Children's Research Institute  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics University of Melbourne  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of General Medicine Royal Children's Hospital  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Engelman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tropical Diseases Research Group Murdoch Children's Research Institute  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics University of Melbourne  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of General Medicine Royal Children's Hospital  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew C","family":"Steer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tropical Diseases Research Group Murdoch Children's Research Institute  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics University of Melbourne  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of General Medicine Royal Children's Hospital  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1601-0825.2002.1o816.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-016-1891-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0b013e3283511d27"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(04)00975-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","volume-title":"The Australian Guideline for Prevention, Diagnosis and Management of Acute Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatic Heart Disease","author":"RHDAustralia (ARF\/RHD Writing Group), National Heart Foundation of Australia and the Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.72.6.1155"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.12808"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2009.09.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","volume-title":"AMA Report Card on Indigenous Health 2016","author":"Australian Medical Association","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","unstructured":"RHDAustralia.Rheumatic Heart Disease Control Programs. 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