{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T13:32:20Z","timestamp":1790688740278,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,23]],"date-time":"2020-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1600819200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003842","name":"Ilhan Food Allergy Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003842","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001778","name":"Deakin University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001778","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014555","name":"Murdoch Children's Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014555","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Paediatrics Child Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine the incidence, risk factors and health service utilisation for infection in the first 12\u2009months of life in a population\u2010derived Australian pre\u2010birth cohort.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The Barwon Infant Study is a population\u2010derived pre\u2010birth cohort with antenatal recruitment (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 1074) based in Geelong, Victoria, Australia. Infection data were collected by parent report, and general practitioner and hospital records at 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12\u2009months of age. We calculated the incidence of infection, attendance at a health service with infection and used multiple negative binomial regression to investigate the effects of a range of exposures on incidence of infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the first 12\u2009months of life, infections of the upper and lower respiratory tract (henceforth \u2018respiratory infections\u2019), conjunctivitis and gastroenteritis occurred at a rate of 0.35, 0.04 and 0.04 episodes per child\u2010month, respectively. A total of 482 (72.4%) infants attended a general practitioner with an infection and 69 (10.4%) infants attended the emergency department. Maternal antibiotic exposure in pregnancy and having older siblings were associated with respiratory infection. Childcare attendance by 12\u2009months of age was associated with respiratory infections and gastroenteritis. Breastfeeding, even if less than 4\u2009weeks in total, was associated with reduced respiratory infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Infection, especially of the respiratory tract, is a common cause of morbidity in Australian infants. Several potentially modifiable risk factors were identified, particularly for respiratory infections. Most infections were managed by general practitioners and 1 in 10 infants attended an emergency department with infection in the first year of life.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.15174","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,24]],"date-time":"2020-09-24T02:20:38Z","timestamp":1600914038000},"page":"204-211","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Burden of infection in Australian infants"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"57","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6948-6526","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebecca","family":"Rowland","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Health and Infection and Immunity Themes, Murdoch Children's Research Institute Royal Children's Hospital  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zia","family":"Sass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Health and Infection and Immunity Themes, Murdoch Children's Research Institute Royal Children's Hospital  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne\u2010Louise","family":"Ponsonby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Health and Infection and Immunity Themes, Murdoch Children's Research Institute Royal Children's Hospital  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics University of Melbourne  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Pezic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Health and Infection and Immunity Themes, Murdoch Children's Research Institute Royal Children's Hospital  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mimi LK","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Health and Infection and Immunity Themes, Murdoch Children's Research Institute Royal Children's Hospital  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics University of Melbourne  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Respiratory Medicine and Allergy and Immunology Departments Royal Children's Hospital  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Vuillermin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Health and Infection and Immunity Themes, Murdoch Children's Research Institute Royal Children's Hospital  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Child Health Research Unit Barwon Health  Geelong Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Health, School of Medicine Deakin University  Geelong Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lawrence","family":"Gray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Child Health Research Unit Barwon Health  Geelong Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Health, School of Medicine Deakin University  Geelong Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8304-4302","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Burgner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Health and Infection and Immunity Themes, Murdoch Children's Research Institute Royal Children's Hospital  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics University of Melbourne  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics Monash University  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Barwon Infant Study Investigator Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31593-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.inf.0000254148.09831.7f"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.13232"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2017-0933"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/mja14.00090"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-025360"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyv026"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.13616"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","volume-title":"International Classification of Primary Care","author":"World Health Organization","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0195759","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0195759","article-title":"Cost of gastroenteritis in Australia: A healthcare perspective","volume":"13","author":"Fiona Barker S","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(16)00150-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyx272"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.14436"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.87.1.30"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.23480"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.05.020416"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000000924"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2017.12.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3325\/cmj.2013.54.110"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2007.124610"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-4356(90)90060-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.12371"}],"container-title":["Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jpc.15174","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jpc.15174","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jpc.15174","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,2]],"date-time":"2023-09-02T11:16:16Z","timestamp":1693653376000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jpc.15174"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,23]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jpc.15174"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jpc.15174","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1034-4810","1440-1754"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1034-4810","type":"print"},{"value":"1440-1754","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-03-09","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-08-26","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-09-23","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}