{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T10:55:19Z","timestamp":1782125719298,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,15]],"date-time":"2021-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610668800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MR\/N006089\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/N006089\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Paediatrics Child Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine the causes of early neonatal death and the avoidable factors associated with these deaths among women participating in a cluster\u2010randomised crossover trial in Papua New Guinea.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Early neonatal deaths were identified by retrospective chart review of the Women and Newborn Trial of Antenatal Interventions and Management study participants between July 2017 and January 2020. Causes of death and avoidable factors were identified using the Perinatal Problem Identification Program system.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There were 35 early neonatal deaths among 2499 livebirths (14 per 1000 births). Fifty\u2010seven percent (20\/35) of deaths occurred on the first day of life. Idiopathic preterm birth was the leading obstetric cause of perinatal death (29%; 10\/35). Extreme multi\u2010organ immaturity (23%; 8\/35) and hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy (17%; 6\/35) were the most common final causes of neonatal death. Forty\u2010six avoidable factors were identified among 26 deaths, including delays in care\u2010seeking, insufficient resources at health facilities, poor intrapartum care and immediate care of the newborn, including neonatal resuscitation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this study, potentially preventable causes and avoidable factors were identified in the majority of early neonatal deaths. Addressing these factors will require health system strengthening, particularly the upskilling of primary level health staff, as well as targeted health education of women and the community.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.15333","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,16]],"date-time":"2021-01-16T00:43:02Z","timestamp":1610757782000},"page":"841-846","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Early neonatal death review from two provinces in Papua New Guinea: A retrospective analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"57","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8247-7683","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisa M","family":"Vallely","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Kirby Institute University of New South Wales  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Sexual and Reproductive Health Unit Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research  Goroka Papua New Guinea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health Program, Burnet Institute  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moses","family":"Laman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infection and Immunity Unit Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research  Goroka Papua New Guinea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michaela A","family":"Riddell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Kirby Institute University of New South Wales  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Infection and Immunity Unit Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research  Goroka Papua New Guinea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alice","family":"Mengi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infection and Immunity Unit Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research  Goroka Papua New Guinea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucy","family":"Au","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sexual and Reproductive Health Unit Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research  Goroka Papua New Guinea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cherolyn","family":"Polomon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing and Midwfery Pacific Adventist University  Port Moresby Papua New Guinea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua P","family":"Vogel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health Program, Burnet Institute  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William S","family":"Pomat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infection and Immunity Unit Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research  Goroka Papua New Guinea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew J","family":"Vallely","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Kirby Institute University of New South Wales  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Sexual and Reproductive Health Unit Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research  Goroka Papua New Guinea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline SE","family":"Homer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health Program, Burnet Institute  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(15)00275-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","volume-title":"Maternal Death Surveillance and Response: Technical Guidance. Information for Action to Prevent Maternal Death","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-15-S2-S9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.14.139790"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31593-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","unstructured":"University of Pretoria.Centre for Maternal Fetal Newborn and Child Health Care Strategies: Clinical Audit Programmes. Pretoria: The University; 2020. Available from:https:\/\/www.up.ac.za\/centre-for-maternal-fetal-newborn-and-child-healthcare\/article\/2809803\/clinical-audit-programmes[accessed 11 March 2020]."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31470-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2017.02.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","unstructured":"National Statistical Office (NSO) [Papua New Guinea] and ICF. 2019.Papua New Guinea Demographic and Health Survey 2016\u20132018. Key Indicators Report. Port Moresby PNG and Rockville Maryland USA: NSO and ICF. 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