{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T01:38:00Z","timestamp":1747186680400,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,3]],"date-time":"2021-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614729600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Paediatrics Child Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate nasopharyngeal aspirate cultures for screening otopathogen carriage in the adenoid in children 2\u20137\u2009years of age.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirty\u2010seven children, 2\u20137\u2009years of age, scheduled for adenoidectomy were enrolled into this prospective study at Rockhampton, Australia. Adenoid biopsy and nasopharyngeal aspirate bacteriology were assessed by conventional culture. Demographic and environmental data were collected by questionnaire. Statistical analyses for descriptive, comparison and logistic regression tests between microbial, demographic, environmental and clinical groups were applied.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>, non\u2010typeable <jats:italic>Haemophilus influenzae<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Moraxella catarrhalis<\/jats:italic> were detected in 38, 38, 35 and 24% of cases, respectively. <jats:italic>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> was an independent determinant for non\u2010typeable <jats:italic>H. influenzae<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> colonisation, and <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> was an independent determinant for <jats:italic>S. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> colonisation. The nasopharyngeal aspirate otopathogen cultures were strong predictors for otopathogens in the adenoid, with moderate\u2010high test accuracy for all otopathogens (receiver operator characteristics area under the curve ranging from 71 to 97% for the otopathogens tested). Children with positive non\u2010typeable <jats:italic>H. influenzae<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>M. catarrhalis<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>S. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> nasopharyngeal aspirate cultures were more likely to have the equivalent species in adenoid cultures (positive likelihood ratios\u00a0=\u00a0undefined, 15.0, 9.09 and 5.85, respectively).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study provides evidence that nasopharyngeal aspirate cultures are an indicator of otopathogens in the adenoid. Nasopharyngeal aspirate cultures may provide clinicians with information that informs clinical management. Strategies for improved management to reduce otopathogen carriage could reduce the prevalence of chronic upper respiratory infections that contribute to adenoidectomy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.15370","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,3]],"date-time":"2021-03-03T09:21:42Z","timestamp":1614763302000},"page":"1016-1022","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Otopathogen interactions in the nasopharynx of children, and the predictive value of nasopharyngeal aspirate culture for the aetiology of upper respiratory infections"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"57","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6316-7356","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica J","family":"Browne","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences Central Queensland University  Rockhampton Queensland Australia"},{"name":"School of Health and Human Sciences Southern Cross University  Gold Coast Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Evan H","family":"Matthews","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Mater Misericordiae Rockhampton Hospital  Rockhampton Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew W","family":"Taylor\u2010Robinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences Central Queensland University  Rockhampton Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennelle M","family":"Kyd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Griffith Health Griffith University  Gold Coast Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/coa.13436"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199901283400402"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.2009.tb02926.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2017.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/15733955113099990004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2012.12.002"},{"volume-title":"SPSS Survival Manual","year":"2013","author":"Pallant J","key":"e_1_2_9_8_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0150949"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.05.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.inf.0000232705.49634.68"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mhn.2001.120232"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268814001460"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)16357-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1080\/028134398750003340","article-title":"The prevalence of potential pathogenic bacteria in nasopharyngeal samples from healthy children and adults","volume":"16","author":"Gunnarsson RK","year":"2009","journal-title":"Scand. 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