{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T21:43:11Z","timestamp":1776202991383,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,25]],"date-time":"2021-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616630400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Paediatrics Child Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Despite international recommendations, less than one\u2010third of Australian women exclusively breastfeed for 6\u2009months. The aims of this study were to prospectively determine rates and factors associated with the type and duration of breastfeeding in the first year and examine the effect of minimal supplementation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conducted a sub\u2010study of a randomised controlled trial in Sydney, Australia, which included 635 women with uncomplicated term births who intended to breastfeed. Data were collected daily for 56\u2009days, and then at 2, 6 and 12\u2009months post\u2010partum.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Breastfeeding outcomes were evaluated for 553 (87%), 480 (76%) and 392 (62%) women at 2, 6 and 12\u2009months. Exclusive breastfeeding was 81% at 2\u2009months and 8% at 6\u2009months. Partial breastfeeding was 75% at 6\u2009months and 54% at 12\u2009months. Factors associated with breastfeeding cessation included caesarean birth, low milk supply, problems latching, increased time to breastfeed, use of formula &gt;7\u2009days in the first 2\u2009months, return to work and early introduction of solids. Breast pain in the first week was associated with a 10% decrease in exclusive breastfeeding. Cracked nipples and no previous breastfeeding experience were associated with supplementation of \u22647\u2009days but had no effect on long\u2010term breastfeeding duration.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Exclusive breastfeeding declined significantly between 2 and 6\u2009months post\u2010partum. Early intervention and education to prolong breastfeeding duration should include strategies to manage breast pain and nipple damage to minimise prolonged supplementation. Consistent guidelines about introduction of complementary foods, improved maternity leave and workplace incentives could be effective in prolonging breastfeeding.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.15464","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,26]],"date-time":"2021-03-26T05:33:13Z","timestamp":1616736793000},"page":"1288-1295","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Breastfeeding patterns and effects of minimal supplementation on breastfeeding exclusivity and duration in term infants: A prospective sub\u2010study of a randomised controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"57","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9452-4707","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diana M","family":"Bond","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Child Population Health Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonia W","family":"Shand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Child Population Health Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine Royal Hospital for Women  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adrienne","family":"Gordon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Charles Perkins Centre University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"RPA Newborn Care Royal Prince Alfred Hospital  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jason P","family":"Bentley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Child Population Health Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hala","family":"Phipps","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RPA Women and Babies Royal Prince Alfred Hospital  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Susan Wakil School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine and Health University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Natasha","family":"Nassar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Child Population Health Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","volume-title":"Report of the Expert Consultation of the Optimal Duration of Exclusive Breastfeeding","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","volume-title":"National Health Survey: First Results 2017\u201318","author":"Australian Bureau of Statistics","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980015001767"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2017.0054"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2007.00472.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10010048"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03405274"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08035250410025591"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","first-page":"439","article-title":"Factors associated with weaning in the first 3 months postpartum","volume":"51","author":"Schwartz K","year":"2002","journal-title":"J FAM PRACTICE"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-4358-9-18"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2019-2946"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","volume-title":"Infant Feeding Guidelines for Health Workers","author":"National Health and Medical Research Council","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","unstructured":"Australasian Society of Clinical Immunology and Allergies.ASCIA Guidelines\u2010Infant Feeding and Allergy Prevention.2016. 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