{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T07:24:22Z","timestamp":1771572262792,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,13]],"date-time":"2021-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618272000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Paediatrics Child Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>A nurse on a paediatric multidisciplinary ward was diagnosed with smear\u2010positive pulmonary tuberculosis. Children &lt;2\u2009years old, immunocompromised, or &gt;40\u2009h of contact (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0173) were contact\u2010traced.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Children received clinical review, chest X\u2010ray, tuberculin skin test (TST; &lt;5\u2009years old) and\/or an interferon\u2010gamma release assay (Quantiferon TB\u2010Gold, \u22655\u2009years old). Infants &lt;6\u00a0months old or children &lt;5\u2009years old screened &lt;2\u00a0months from exposure were recommended isoniazid window prophylaxis (WP) until a repeat TST at 6\u00a0months old or 8\u201310\u2009weeks after the last exposure to the index case, respectively. Empiric treatment for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) was individually considered for immunocompromised patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of 173 children (135 immunocompetent, 38 immunocompromised), two were uncontactable, seven refused screening and two immunocompromised children excluded.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Eight of 126 immunocompetent children were diagnosed with LTBI (initial TST positive <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a07, TST conversion <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a01); seven started isoniazid. Thirty\u2010two of 36 immunocompetent children were recommended WP; 15 accepted (one non\u2010compliant after 1\u00a0month). Six of seven immunocompromised children accepted empiric LTBI treatment due to severe immunosuppression\/initial indeterminate Quantiferon TB\u2010Gold result. Of 15 immunocompromised children offered WP, only five accepted.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>There was high acceptance of screening but low uptake of isoniazid WP in high\u2010risk children exposed to pulmonary tuberculosis. Perception of exposure risk and chemoprophylaxis should be explored further.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.15490","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,13]],"date-time":"2021-04-13T17:44:37Z","timestamp":1618335877000},"page":"1408-1413","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Low uptake of isoniazid window prophylaxis in patients exposed to a health\u2010care worker with pulmonary tuberculosis in a paediatric ward"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Annushkha","family":"Sinnathamby","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Khoo Teck Puat \u2013 National University Children's Medical Institute National University Health System  Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samantha","family":"Ang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Khoo Teck Puat \u2013 National University Children's Medical Institute National University Health System  Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Natasha","family":"Bagdasarian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine National University Hospital  Singapore"},{"name":"Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore  Singapore"},{"name":"Department of Infection Prevention National University Hospital  Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hwang Ching","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore  Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5892-3738","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Si Min","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Khoo Teck Puat \u2013 National University Children's Medical Institute National University Health System  Singapore"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore  Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","volume-title":"Global Health Observatory (GHO) Data. 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