{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T17:14:08Z","timestamp":1791220448175,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,16]],"date-time":"2021-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629072000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Paediatrics Child Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>In children with Prader\u2010Willi syndrome (PWS), growth hormone (GH) improves height and body composition; however, may be associated with worsening sleep\u2010disordered breathing (SDB). Some studies have reported less SDB after GH initiation, but follow\u2010up with polysomnography is still advised in most clinical guidelines.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This retrospective, multicentre study, included children with PWS treated with GH at seven PWS treatment centres in Australia over the last 18\u2009years. A paired analysis comparing polysomnographic measures of central and obstructive SDB in the same child, before and after GH initiation was performed with Wilcoxon signed\u2010rank test. The proportion of children who developed moderate\/severe obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) was calculated with their binomial confidence intervals.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We included 112 patients with available paired data. The median age at start of GH was 1.9\u2009years (range 0.1\u201313.5\u2009years). Median obstructive apnoea hypopnoea index (AHI) at baseline was 0.43\/h (range 0\u201332.9); 35% had an obstructive AHI above 1.0\/h. Follow\u2010up polysomnography within 2\u2009years after the start of GH was available in 94 children who did not receive OSA treatment. After GH initiation, there was no change in central AHI. The median obstructive AHI did not increase significantly (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.13), but 12 children (13%, CI<jats:sub>95%<\/jats:sub> 7\u201321%) developed moderate\/severe OSA, with clinical management implications.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our findings of a worsening of OSA severity in 13% of children with PWS support current advice to perform polysomnography after GH initiation. Early identification of worsening OSA may prevent severe sequelae in a subgroup of children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.15691","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,16]],"date-time":"2021-08-16T10:10:35Z","timestamp":1629108635000},"page":"248-255","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Sleep\u2010disordered breathing in Australian children with Prader\u2010Willi syndrome following initiation of growth hormone therapy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"58","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8191-8598","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daan","family":"Caudri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Telethon Kids Institute, The Centre for Child Health Research, The University of Western Australia  Perth Western Australia Australia"},{"name":"Department of Paediatric Pulmonology Erasmus MC \u2013 Sophia Children's Hospital  Rotterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gillian M","family":"Nixon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Melbourne Children's Sleep Centre Monash Children's Hospital  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics Monash University  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aleisha","family":"Nielsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Perth Children's Hospital  Perth Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1968-3481","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Linda","family":"Mai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences The University of Western Australia  Perth Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claire 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Children's Hospital  Newcastle New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles F","family":"Verge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology Sydney Children's Hospital  Randwick New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"School of Women's and Children's Health, The University of New South Wales  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elaine","family":"Tham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology and Diabetes Department Women's and Children's Hospital  Adelaide South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9971-7084","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yassmin","family":"Musthaffa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Clinical Medicine, University of Queensland  Brisbane Queensland Australia"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology 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