{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T09:13:44Z","timestamp":1784193224452,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,31]],"date-time":"2021-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630368000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Paediatrics Child Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Kingella kingae<\/jats:italic> is an important cause of septic arthritis in young children, with modern laboratory methods leading to increased detection. Prevalence of this pathogen in New Zealand, where there are high rates of childhood infections due to <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Streptococcus pyogenes,<\/jats:italic> is not known.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conducted a retrospective review of children &lt;5\u2009years with septic arthritis (without osteomyelitis) at a tertiary children's hospital in Auckland, over 10\u2009years (2005\u20132014). Data were collected on demographics, microbiology, clinical presentation, investigations and management.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of the 68 cases of septic arthritis, 57 (83.8%) occurred in children aged &lt;24\u2009months. Among those &lt;3\u2009months, <jats:italic>Streptococcus agalactiae<\/jats:italic> (Group B streptococcus) was predominant (45.5% of 11 cases), followed by <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> (36.4%). The most common pathogen in those 3 to &lt;12\u2009months was <jats:italic>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> (38.5% of 13 cases). In children aged 12 to &lt;24\u2009months, <jats:italic>K. kingae<\/jats:italic> was most common (30.3% of 33 cases). Of the 12 cases of <jats:italic>K. kingae<\/jats:italic>, 91.7% were identified from synovial fluid culture. All <jats:italic>K. kingae<\/jats:italic> isolates were susceptible to amoxicillin.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>K. kingae<\/jats:italic> is the leading pathogen in septic arthritis in New Zealand children aged 12 to &lt;24\u2009months. Routine inoculation of synovial fluid into blood culture bottles at time of sample collection, in addition to use of polymerase chain reaction methods, should be encouraged to improve detection rates. For infants and preschool children presenting with single joint septic arthritis, empiric antibiotics should include cover for <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>K. kingae<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.15716","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,31]],"date-time":"2021-08-31T12:06:42Z","timestamp":1630411602000},"page":"326-331","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Microbiology of septic arthritis in young Auckland children"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Mirjam","family":"van den Boom","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatrics Starship Children's Hospital  Auckland New Zealand"},{"name":"Paediatrics Canterbury District Health Board  Christchurch New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana R","family":"Lennon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haemish","family":"Crawford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopaedics Starship Children's Hospital  Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua","family":"Freeman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology Auckland City Hospital  Auckland New Zealand"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology Canterbury District Health Board  Christchurch New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Castle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Starship Children's Hospital  Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raakhi","family":"Mistry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopaedics Starship Children's Hospital  Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9855-3919","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachel","family":"Webb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Auckland  Auckland New Zealand"},{"name":"Paediatric Infectious Diseases Starship Children's Hospital  Auckland New Zealand"},{"name":"KidzFirst Children's Hospital  Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e3181d57a6c"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e318184dbb8"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.13287"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/clm.12031"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2014-307490"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11832-014-0549-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000002068"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.30.5.1278-1281.1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00144-09"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0000000000000411"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pch\/21.2.79"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000001529"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/1863-2548.12.170049"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0000000000000332"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0000000000000261"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","unstructured":"StatisticsNZ.2013Census district health board tables 2014; Available at:http:\/\/www.stats.govt.nz\/Census\/2013-census\/data-tables\/dhb-tables.aspx\/. 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