{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T12:46:36Z","timestamp":1791809196325,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,20]],"date-time":"2021-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1634688000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Paediatrics Child Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Blood culture contamination (BCC) can cause unnecessary hospitalisations and inappropriate use of antibiotics. The aim of this study was to find risk factors associated with BCCs in children and to compare contamination rates between open and closed blood culture collection systems.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data were prospectively collected regarding blood cultures obtained in the paediatric emergency department from February 26, 2020, to September 30, 2020, based on the method of drawing blood reported by the obtaining physician. A comparison between contaminated and non\u2010contaminated blood cultures was performed. We also compared the composition of the contaminations in the study period to the same period in 2019.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 512 blood cultures were included, 33 (6.4%) of which were contaminated. The only parameter that was associated with an increased rate of contamination by 2.34 fold (95% CI 1.1\u20134.99, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.028) was obtaining blood through an \u2018open\u2019 system, using a syringe connected to a needle in order to draw blood from an open ended needle. The proportion of contaminations originating from oral flora decreased in the study period by 44.7% as compared to the same period in the previous year (13% vs. 23.5%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u20090.056).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>\u2018Open system\u2019 method, which is commonly used in paediatric emergency departments for blood culture obtainment, was associated with an increase in BCC. Adherence to blood cultures obtainment guidelines, even at the price of two different blood tests, is important in order to reduce BCC rates in children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.15812","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,21]],"date-time":"2021-10-21T12:27:03Z","timestamp":1634819223000},"page":"669-673","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Comparing blood culture contamination rates by different sampling methods in a paediatric emergency department"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"58","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5595-4109","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Orli","family":"Megged","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Hebrew University of Jerusalem  Jerusalem Israel"},{"name":"The Pediatric Department Shaare Zedek Medical Center  Jerusalem Israel"},{"name":"The Pediatric Infectious Disease Unit Shaare Zedek Medical Center  Jerusalem Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Dorembus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Pediatric Department Shaare Zedek Medical Center  Jerusalem Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Efrat","family":"Ben\u2010Shalom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Pediatric Department Shaare Zedek Medical Center  Jerusalem Israel"},{"name":"The Pediatric Nephrology Unit Shaare Zedek Medical Center  Jerusalem Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eyal","family":"Heiman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Pediatric Department Shaare Zedek Medical Center  Jerusalem Israel"},{"name":"The Pediatric Emergency Department Shaare Zedek Medical Center  Jerusalem Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2012.06.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1991.03460030071031"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.4.3-4.425"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02162-08"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jpids\/piy125"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000002359"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina55100696"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix304"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/673142"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-154-3-201102010-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","first-page":"216","article-title":"Blood culture contamination. A College of American Pathologists Q probes study involving 640 institutions and 497134 specimens from adult patients","volume":"122","author":"Schifman RB","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5858\/2005-129-1222-TIBCCA"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00062-05"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1976.03260430047025"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-199011000-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1742-6723.12121"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(05)80983-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.289.6.726"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PEC.0b013e31820d652b"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/665319"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/501708"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2012-1030"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.7.2437-2444.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-5573-8-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"The impact of COVID\u201019 response on central line associated bloodstream infections and blood culture contamination rates at a tertiary care center in Greater Detroit Area","volume":"20","author":"LeRose J","year":"2020","journal-title":"Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0242533","article-title":"Low prevalence of bloodstream infection and high blood culture contamination rates in patients with COVID\u201019","volume":"23","author":"Yu D","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"}],"container-title":["Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jpc.15812","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jpc.15812","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jpc.15812","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,20]],"date-time":"2023-08-20T23:05:12Z","timestamp":1692572712000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jpc.15812"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,20]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jpc.15812"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jpc.15812","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1034-4810","1440-1754"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1034-4810","type":"print"},{"value":"1440-1754","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-04-19","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-09-17","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-10-20","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}