{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]],"date-time":"2026-03-21T20:21:09Z","timestamp":1774124469410,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,27]],"date-time":"2022-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651017600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Paediatrics Child Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Scrotal ultrasounds are utilised in some primary care settings for suspected cryptorchidism, despite inaccuracies. We aim to identify the correlation between ultrasound and primary care provider (PCP) findings of undescended testicles (UDTs) as a potential source of confirmation bias.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Males referred for suspected UDT by PCPs who underwent scrotal ultrasound and paediatric urologist examination from 2014 to 2019 were included. Correlation between PCP and ultrasound findings and diagnostic accuracy were evaluated. Logistic regression was utilised to determine associations between patient factors and UDT misdiagnosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Out of 145 testes, ultrasound corroborated PCPs' UDT diagnoses 87.6% of the time, 49.6% of which were confirmed as UDT by paediatric urologists. Ultrasound had a false positivity rate of 81.0% and specificity of 19.0%. Ultrasound versus paediatric urologist findings regarding testicle location were significantly different (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). Patients aged \u22658\u2009years old had 5.2 times greater odds of being misdiagnosed with UDT than patients &lt;8\u2009years old (95% confidence interval: 1.6\u201316.7; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.002) by PCP and ultrasound.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Scrotal ultrasound highly corroborated PCPs' UDT diagnoses. Older patients were more likely to be misdiagnosed with UDT by PCP and ultrasound. As ultrasounds rarely refute PCP examinations for suspected UDTs and are highly inaccurate, confirmation bias may explain the use of ultrasound in the workup of UDT.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.15998","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,28]],"date-time":"2022-04-28T05:59:47Z","timestamp":1651125587000},"page":"1384-1389","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Continued use of scrotal ultrasounds for the <scp>workup<\/scp> of undescended testes: Confirmation bias and inaccuracies"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"58","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2722-8430","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erin T","family":"Annick","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Urology Children's Hospital Los Angeles  Los Angeles California United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joan","family":"Ko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Urology Children's Hospital Los Angeles  Los Angeles California United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4929-1964","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zo\u00eb G","family":"Baker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Urology Children's Hospital Los Angeles  Los Angeles California United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arthi","family":"Hannallah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Urology Children's Hospital Los Angeles  Los Angeles California United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roger E","family":"De Filippo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Urology Children's Hospital Los Angeles  Los Angeles California United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andy Y","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Urology Children's Hospital Los Angeles  Los Angeles California United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000095793.04232.d8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2014.05.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","first-page":"182","article-title":"Cryptorchidism and testicular germ cell tumors: Comprehensive meta\u2010analysis reveals that association between these conditions diminished over time and is modified by clinical characteristics","volume":"3","author":"Banks K","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front. 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