{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T04:42:09Z","timestamp":1790656929696,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,3]],"date-time":"2022-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659484800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001063","name":"Raine Medical Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001063","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001800","name":"University of Notre Dame Australia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001800","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001799","name":"Murdoch University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001799","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001798","name":"Edith Cowan University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001798","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001069","name":"Women and Infants Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001797","name":"Curtin University of Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001797","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001801","name":"University of Western Australia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001801","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Paediatrics Child Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study sought to determine the prevalence of Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) in Australian school\u2010aged children and associated potential risk factors for DLD at 10\u2009years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study used a cross\u2010sectional design to estimate the prevalence of DLD in Generation 2 of the prospective Raine Study. Participants included 1626 children aged 10\u2009years with available language data. Primary outcomes included variables matching diagnostic criteria for DLD. Associations of other potential prenatal and environmental variables were analysed as secondary outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The prevalence of DLD in this sample was 6.4% (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0104) at 10\u2009years. This sub\u2010cohort comprised 33.7% (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a035) with expressive language deficits, 20.2% (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a021) with receptive language deficits, and 46.2% (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a048) with receptive\u2010expressive deficits. No significant difference in sex distribution was observed (52.9% male,\n                      <jats:italic>p\u2009=<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a00.799). Children who were exposed to smoke\n                      <jats:italic>in utero<\/jats:italic>\n                      at 18\u2009weeks gestation were at increased risk of DLD at 10\u2009years (OR\u00a0= 2.56, CI = 1.23\u20135.35,\n                      <jats:italic>p\u2009=<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a00.012).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>DLD is a relatively prevalent condition in Australian children, even when assessed in middle childhood years. These findings can inform future research priorities, and public health and educational policy which account for the associations with potential risk factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.16149","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,3]],"date-time":"2022-08-03T23:40:21Z","timestamp":1659570021000},"page":"2044-2050","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":92,"title":["The prevalence of and potential risk factors for Developmental Language Disorder at 10\u2009years in the Raine Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"58","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6064-5837","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samuel D","family":"Calder","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health Sciences Curtin University  Perth Western Australia Australia"},{"name":"Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine University of Tasmania  Launceston Tasmania Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher G.","family":"Brennan\u2010Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health Sciences Curtin University  Perth Western Australia Australia"},{"name":"Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia  Perth Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monique","family":"Robinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia  Perth Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Whitehouse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia  Perth Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Hill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health Sciences Curtin University  Perth Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12721"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/jslhr.4006.1245"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12573"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","unstructured":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th edn.) 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