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Monkeypox disease is spread from animals to humans through infected lesions or fluids; human\u2013human transmission occurs through fomites, droplets or direct contact. Illness is usually self\u2010limiting, but severe disease can occur in specific groups \u2010 particularly children, and people who are immunocompromised or pregnant. Clinical presentation may include fever, lymphadenopathy and skin rash, but the rash may occur without other symptoms. Complications can include secondary bacterial infection of skin lesions, vision loss from corneal involvement, pneumonia, sepsis and encephalitis. Diagnosis of monkeypox requires consideration of epidemiological, clinical and laboratory findings, with sensitive history\u2010taking, to elicit close contacts, critical. Supportive management is usually sufficient, but treatment options (where required) include antivirals and vaccinia immune globulin. A paucity of safety data for relevant antivirals may limit their use. There are two types of monkeypox vaccines: a replication\u2010competent vaccinia vaccine, the use of which is logistically and clinically complex, and a replication\u2010deficient modified vaccinia Ankara virus vaccine. Preparedness of health systems for addressing the current outbreak is constrained by historic underfunding for research, and compounded by stigma and discrimination against cases and affected communities. Key challenges in halting transmission include improving vaccine equity and countering discrimination against men who have sex with men to aid diagnosis and treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.16171","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,18]],"date-time":"2022-08-18T09:49:24Z","timestamp":1660816164000},"page":"1532-1538","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Monkeypox: A clinical update for paediatricians"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Yuanfei A","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance Sydney Children's Hospital Network  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9756-2813","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annaleise R","family":"Howard\u2010Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New South Wales Health Pathology Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research (ICPMR)  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health The University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shireen","family":"Durrani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance Sydney Children's Hospital Network  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhicheng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance Sydney Children's Hospital Network  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health The University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2250-0594","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Phoebe CM","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance Sydney Children's Hospital Network  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases Sydney Children's Hospital  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"School of Women and Children's Health The University of NSW  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine The University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010141"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","first-page":"117","article-title":"Emergence of monkeypox in West Africa and Central Africa, 1970\u20132017","volume":"11","author":"Durski KN","year":"2018","journal-title":"Wkly. 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