{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T01:37:32Z","timestamp":1747186652898,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,18]],"date-time":"2022-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668729600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003747","name":"Department of Health, State Government of Victoria","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003747","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Paediatrics Child Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Respiratory testing with rapid antigen tests (RATs) in children under 5\u2009years of age may be uncomfortable and presents specific challenges to testing due to compliance and procedural distress. The aim of this study was to investigate sensitivity and feasibility of self\u2010collected nasal and saliva RAT tests compared with a combined nose and throat (CTN) swab PCR in children under 5.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Children aged between 1\u00a0month and 5\u2009years, with confirmed COVID\u201019 or who were a household contact within 7\u2009days were included. A saliva RAT, nasal RAT and CTN swab were collected by the parent. SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 cycle threshold (Ct) values for CTN tested by PCR were compared with saliva and nasal RAT results. Parent preference for method of sample was recorded.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Forty\u2010one children were recruited with median age of 1.5 (interquartile range 0.7\u20134.0) years. Only 22\/41 (54%) of parents were able to successfully collect a saliva RAT from their child. Sensitivity of the nasal RAT and saliva RAT was 0.889 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.739\u20130.969) and 0.158 (95% CI 0.034\u20130.396), respectively. Upper limit of nasal RAT detection by CTN Ct value was higher than saliva (36.05 vs. 27.29). While saliva RAT was rated most comfortable, nasal RAT was rated the preferred specimen by parents for future testing, due to saliva collection difficulties and time taken.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Rapid antigen testing with nasal RAT is a more feasible and sensitive method for SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 detection in young children compared with saliva RAT.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.16277","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,19]],"date-time":"2022-11-19T04:39:30Z","timestamp":1668832770000},"page":"258-263","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Stick with the nose\u2026Saliva rapid antigen testing is not a viable method for testing children under 5 years old"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0022-1009","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shidan","family":"Tosif","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Medicine &amp; Immunisation Service Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Infection and Immunity Murdoch Children's Research Institute  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics The University of Melbourne  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lai\u2010yang","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology The Royal Children's Hospital  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jill","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infection and Immunity Murdoch Children's Research Institute  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alissa","family":"McMinn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infection and Immunity Murdoch Children's Research Institute  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1277-5538","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chris","family":"Selman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology &amp; Biostatistics Unit Murdoch Children's Research Institute  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anneke C","family":"Grobler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics The University of Melbourne  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology &amp; Biostatistics Unit Murdoch Children's Research Institute  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Daley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology The Royal Children's Hospital  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nigel W","family":"Crawford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Medicine &amp; Immunisation Service Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Infection and Immunity Murdoch Children's Research Institute  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics The University of Melbourne  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","unstructured":"Sarah Colyer. MJA. 8th August 2022; 2022. Available from:https:\/\/insightplus.mja.com.au\/2021\/31\/rapid\u2010antigen\u2010testing\u2010urgently\u2010needed\u2010for\u2010asymptomatic\u2010screening\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","unstructured":"Victorian Department of Health.About Rapid Antigen Tests. Available from:https:\/\/www.coronavirus.vic.gov.au\/about-rapid-antigen-tests[accessed 29 August 2022]."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","unstructured":"RCH National Child Health Poll.COVID\u201019 Testing in Kids: What Concerns Parents? Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne [accessed 31 July 2022]."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","first-page":"CD013705","article-title":"Rapid, point\u2010of\u2010care antigen tests for diagnosis of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection","volume":"2022","author":"Dinnes J","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","unstructured":"StataCorp L.Stata Statistical Software: Release 172021;17:733."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2021.647274"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02881-20"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/mja2.51188"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.27812"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0249710"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.27149"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/children8080682"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2021.114184"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-30485-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2021-053537"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","unstructured":"Australian Government Department of Health and Aged Care.Australian Influenza Surveillance Report; 2022."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01816-15"}],"container-title":["Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jpc.16277","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jpc.16277","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jpc.16277","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,18]],"date-time":"2023-08-18T20:18:52Z","timestamp":1692389932000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jpc.16277"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,18]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jpc.16277"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jpc.16277","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1034-4810","1440-1754"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1034-4810"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1440-1754"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-09-02","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-10-28","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-11-18","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}