{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T10:19:32Z","timestamp":1782296372607,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,10]],"date-time":"2023-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681084800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1154503"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1154503"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Paediatrics Child Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>We aimed to describe the severity of clonidine poisonings in a paediatric population referred to a tertiary toxicology service.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We undertook a retrospective review of all presentations of clonidine poisoning in children or adolescents reported to a tertiary toxicology service from March 2014 to February 2020. Cases were divided into young children (0\u20136\u2009years), older children (7\u201311\u2009years) and adolescents (12\u201317\u2009years). We report clinical effects: bradycardia, hypotension and abnormal Glasgow coma score (GCS), based on standard paediatric observation charts, interventions, length of emergency department stay, proportion admitted to a medical ward or paediatric intensive care unit.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We identified 111 clonidine poisonings, 41 young children, 9 older children and 61 adolescents. There were more females in the adolescent group and slightly more males in the younger age groups. The median dose ingested was 13\u2009mcg\/kg (interquartile range: 7\u201338\u2009mcg\/kg), which varied across ages. Clonidine alone was ingested in 78 cases (70%) and co\u2010ingestion was more common in adolescents (24\/61; 39%). Thirty\u2010seven patients (33%) were admitted and 23 (21%) were admitted to paediatric intensive care unit. Median length of emergency department stay was 16.4\u2009h, longer for adolescents. At least one abnormal observation occurred in 101 of 111 (91%) cases: 76 of 106 (72%) bradycardia, 76 of 110 (69%) hypotension and 4 of 99 (4%) GCS\u2009&lt;\u20099. Thirteen (12%) had severe bradycardia, more common in young children and 23 (21%) had severe hypotension, more common in adolescents. For 27 children (0\u201311\u2009years) ingesting 5\u201310\u2009mcg\/kg, 3 (11%) had severe bradycardia or severe hypotension and 1 received naloxone (4%). No cases ingesting &lt;5\u2009mcg\/kg developed moderate\/severe bradycardia or hypotension. Four cases received naloxone with no significant change, two patients got atropine with a transient response. One patient was intubated to facilitate safe inter\u2010hospital transfer.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Paediatric clonidine poisoning commonly results in bradycardia, hypotension and decreased GCS, but rarely severe or requiring major interventions. Children ingesting &lt;5\u2009mcg\/kg do not require admission.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.16399","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,10]],"date-time":"2023-04-10T11:58:20Z","timestamp":1681127900000},"page":"827-832","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Reality of clonidine poisoning in children and adolescents"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Chi","family":"Duong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Department Angliss Hospital  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caitlyn","family":"Lovett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Department John Hunter Hospital  Newcastle New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Toxicology Calvary Mater Newcastle  Newcastle New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"MIchael A","family":"Downes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Toxicology Calvary Mater Newcastle  Newcastle New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Clinical Toxicology Research Group University of Newcastle  Newcastle New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1519-7419","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Geoffrey K","family":"Isbister","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Toxicology Calvary Mater Newcastle  Newcastle New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Clinical Toxicology Research Group University of Newcastle  Newcastle New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/15563650.2014.898770"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.6138.667"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1754.2004.00491.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15563650.2016.1277234"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","first-page":"906","article-title":"Clonidine overdose: a review","volume":"36","author":"Conner CS","year":"1979","journal-title":"Am. 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