{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T14:55:44Z","timestamp":1783695344172,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,17]],"date-time":"2023-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Paediatrics Child Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Knowledge on the spectrum of thyroid disorders amongst Turner syndrome (TS) patients in Southeast Asia is limited. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of thyroid autoimmunity, the spectrum of autoimmune thyroid disease and association with age and karyotype amongst Malaysian TS girls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A cross\u2010sectional study was conducted at 11 paediatric endocrine units in Malaysia. Blood samples for antithyroglobulin antibodies, antithyroid peroxidase antibodies and thyroid function test were obtained. In patients with pre\u2010existing thyroid disease, information on clinical and biochemical thyroid status was obtained from medical records.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ninety\u2010seven TS patients with a mean age of 13.4\u2009\u00b1\u20094.8\u2009years were recruited. Thyroid autoimmunity was found in 43.8% of TS patients. Nineteen per cent of those with thyroid autoimmunity had autoimmune thyroid disease (Hashimoto thyroiditis in 7.3% and hyperthyroidism in 1% of total population). Patients with isochromosome X and patients with 45,X mosaicism or other X chromosomal abnormalities were more prone to have thyroid autoimmunity compared to those with 45,X karyotype (OR 5.09, 95% CI 1.54\u201316.88, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.008 and OR 3.41, 95% CI 1.32\u20138.82, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.01 respectively). The prevalence of thyroid autoimmunity increased with age (33.3% for age 0\u20139.9\u2009years; 46.8% for age 10\u201319.9\u2009years and 57.1% age for 20\u201329.9\u2009years) with autoimmune thyroid disease detected in 14.3% during adulthood.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thyroid autoimmunity was significantly associated with the non 45,X karyotype group, particularly isochromosome X. Annual screening of thyroid function should be carried out upon diagnosis of TS until adulthood with more frequent monitoring recommended in the presence of thyroid autoimmunity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.16405","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,17]],"date-time":"2023-04-17T09:10:44Z","timestamp":1681722644000},"page":"879-884","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Thyroid autoimmunity and autoimmune thyroid disease in Malaysian girls with Turner syndrome: An understudied population"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6111-2669","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yee L","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Endocrine Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Universiti Putra Malaysia  Serdang Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Azriyanti A","family":"Zaini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Endocrine Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine University Malaya  Kuala Lumpur Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arini N","family":"Idris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Endocrine Unit, Department of Paediatrics Hospital Tunku Azizah  Kuala Lumpur Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raja A","family":"Abdullah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Endocrine Unit, Department of Paediatrics Hospital Pulau Pinang  Pulau Pinang Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeanne SL","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Endocrine Unit, Department of Paediatrics Putrajaya Hospital  Putrajaya Malaysia"},{"name":"Sunway Specialist Centre  Kota Damansara Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joyce SS","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Endocrine Unit, Department of Paediatrics Hospital Pakar Kanak\u2010kanak, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia  Kuala Lumpur Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suhaimi","family":"Hussain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Endocrine Unit, Department of Paediatrics Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia  Kota Bharu Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Poi G","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Endocrine Unit, Department of Paediatrics Hospital Tunku Azizah  Kuala Lumpur Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Song H","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Endocrine Unit, Department of Paediatrics Sabah Women and Children's Hospital  Kota Kinabalu Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noor SM","family":"Nor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM)  Shah Alam Malaysia"},{"name":"Institute for Pathology, Laboratory and Forensic Medicine (I\u2010PPerForM) Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM)  Shah Alam Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Loo L","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Subang Jaya Medical Centre  Subang Jaya Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Y","family":"Jalaludin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Endocrine Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine University Malaya  Kuala Lumpur Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-0558"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2019.00511"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2009.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/ar118"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2005.15.1061"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2012.01.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-018-3950-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1824-7288-39-79"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.2001.01296.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/jpem-2014-0199"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/5584_2017_42"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/genes12020222"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ando.2017.10.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.K09E-141"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/jpem-2012-0265"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","first-page":"2","article-title":"High prevalence of thyroid antibodies in urban population of peninsular Malaysia","volume":"19","author":"Shahar MA","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. 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Malays."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/jpem-2019-0067"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000331050"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4274\/jcrpe.1771"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-17-0430"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","volume-title":"Clinical Practice Guidelines Management of Thyroid Disorders: Acquired Hypothyroidism and Hyperthyroidism in Children and Adolescents","year":"2019"}],"container-title":["Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jpc.16405","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,17]],"date-time":"2023-08-17T12:58:09Z","timestamp":1692277089000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jpc.16405"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,17]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jpc.16405"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jpc.16405","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1034-4810","1440-1754"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1034-4810","type":"print"},{"value":"1440-1754","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-11-27","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-04-06","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-04-17","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}