{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T06:26:16Z","timestamp":1783664776245,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4-5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,24]],"date-time":"2024-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713916800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":23,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Paediatrics Child Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To describe the characteristics of patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) presenting to a tertiary paediatric hospital in Perth, Western Australia. Review of implementation of previous follow\u2010up recommendations for the cohort was also undertaken.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>A retrospective data analysis of all individuals aged between 0 and 17\u2009years presenting to the tertiary children's hospital who were hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive over 8\u2009years (2013\u20132020). Demographic features, clinical progress and follow up are described, including proportion transferred to adult services.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Seventy\u2010four patients were identified to have CHB; mean age at diagnosis 11\u2009years; standard deviation 4\u2009years; 41 (55%) male. Cultural and ethnolinguistic diversity was high; 74% (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200955) were from refugee\u2010like backgrounds. Many did not demonstrate English proficiency (23\/40; 75%) and 7 (10%) Australian born including 4 patients who were Aboriginal. Most patients (58%) with CHB were in the hepatitis B e antigen\u2010positive chronic infection phase with no intervention provided. Seventeen children had undergone liver ultrasonography and one underwent liver biopsy; none received antiviral treatment. Follow up was concerning; 28 (38%) had at least one clinic non\u2010attendance, 24 (32%) lost to follow\u2010up and interpreter utilisation was poorly documented. Thirty\u2010nine (53%) were transferred to adult services with only 56% attending follow\u2010up.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>CHB burden is higher in those from culturally and ethnolinguistically diverse backgrounds. There is a significant loss to follow\u2010up and suboptimal transfer to adult services. Improved recall, education and referral processes are necessary to overcome language, socioeconomic and cultural barriers. Although childhood complications are infrequent, longitudinal monitoring is crucial to prevent long\u2010term complications and adult morbidity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.16548","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,24]],"date-time":"2024-04-24T11:29:41Z","timestamp":1713958181000},"page":"125-131","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Epidemiology and assessment of <scp>Hepatitis B<\/scp> positive children in <scp>Western Australia<\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Hannah Elizabeth","family":"Bartley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of General Paediatrics and Refugee Health Service Perth Children's Hospital  Perth Western Australia Australia"},{"name":"School of Medicine The University of Notre Dame Australia  Fremantle Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma Kate Lefroy","family":"Turner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Perth Children's Hospital  Perth Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0750-1049","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Timothy John","family":"Ford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases Perth Children's Hospital  Perth Western Australia Australia"},{"name":"Discipline of Paediatrics School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia  Perth Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0651-6932","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah","family":"Cherian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of General Paediatrics and Refugee Health Service Perth Children's Hospital  Perth Western Australia Australia"},{"name":"Discipline of Paediatrics School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia  Perth Western Australia Australia"},{"name":"Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines &amp; Infectious Diseases Telethon Kids Institute, Northern Entrance, Perth Children's Hospital  Perth Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","volume-title":"Australian Consensus Recommendations for the Management of Hepatitis B Infection","author":"Gastroenterological Society of Australia; Hepatitis B Consensus Statement Working Group","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","first-page":"102","volume-title":"B Positive\u2013All you Wanted to Know about Hepatitis B: A Guide for Primary Care Providers.","author":"Australasian Society for HIV, Viral Hepatitis and Sexual Health Medicine (ASHM)","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-12-131"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.03.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)30579-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/mja2.51430"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","unstructured":"Australian Government Department of Health and Aged Care.Hepatitis B.2022. 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