{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T19:30:49Z","timestamp":1783366249200,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,17]],"date-time":"2025-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737072000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Paediatrics Child Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>\n<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">Angiostrongylus cantonensis<\/jats:styled-content>,<\/jats:italic> the leading cause of eosinophilic meningoencephalitis, is well established in eastern Australia. Prolonged wet weather in Queensland during 2021\u20132022 coincided with anecdotal reports of increased neuroangiostrongyliasis cases, prompting an evaluation of paediatric cases from 2013 to 2022.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This retrospective observational study reviewed children (0\u201316\u2009years) with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) eosinophilia (\u2265\u200910% of the total CSF leukocyte count) and\/or <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>A. cantonensis<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> testing (serology or polymerase chain reaction) between 01\/01\/2013 and 31\/12\/2022, using statewide laboratory data and patient records.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eighty children were identified: 59 (74%) had CSF eosinophilia without <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>A. cantonensis<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> testing, 9 (11%) had CSF eosinophilia with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>A. cantonensis<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> testing, and 12 (15%) had <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>A. cantonensis<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> testing without CSF eosinophilia. Neuroangiostrongyliasis was either proven or probable in seven children: five (71%) during 2021\u20132022, coinciding with prolonged wet weather. A significant positive correlation was observed between rainfall and case numbers (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.88, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01). Median age of diagnosed children was 4\u2009years (IQR 1.8\u20138.5, range 1.5\u201313\u2009years) and five (71%) were male. Snail or slug exposure was reported in four (57%) children. All children presented with vomiting, and six also had a headache and focal neurology (86%). Abnormal neuroimaging was noted in six (86%) cases. Five children received corticosteroid therapy alone (71%), while two (29%) were managed conservatively. There were no deaths, but one child had persistent focal neurological abnormalities at discharge.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Awareness of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>A. cantonensis<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> and exposure risks is crucial, especially during prolonged wet weather conditions. While most children in this study had good outcomes, this is not always the case.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.16780","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,17]],"date-time":"2025-01-17T08:03:09Z","timestamp":1737100989000},"page":"472-481","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["<i>Angiostrongylus cantonensis<\/i> Meningo\u2010Encephalitis in Children\u2014Heightened Awareness Needed During Prolonged Wet Weather Conditions"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"61","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1308-6707","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nadia","family":"Hasan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine University of Queensland  Brisbane Queensland Australia"},{"name":"General Paediatrics The Queensland Children's Hospital  Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clare","family":"Nourse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine University of Queensland  Brisbane Queensland Australia"},{"name":"Infection Prevention &amp; Management Service The Queensland Children's Hospital  Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claire","family":"Heney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Queensland  Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rogan","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NSW Health Pathology Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiological Services  Westmead New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health The University of Sydney, Westmead Hospital  Westmead New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vishal","family":"Kapoor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine University of Queensland  Brisbane Queensland Australia"},{"name":"General Paediatrics The Queensland Children's Hospital  Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6173-7768","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angela","family":"Berkhout","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine University of Queensland  Brisbane Queensland Australia"},{"name":"Infection Prevention &amp; Management Service The Queensland Children's Hospital  Brisbane Queensland Australia"},{"name":"Departments of Paediatrics and Infectious Diseases Gold Coast University Hospital  Southport Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2014.1622"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijppaw.2015.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182016000652"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.14461"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.7b00233"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2022.100426"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473\u20103099(08)70229\u20109"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","first-page":"55","article-title":"The Current Status of Laboratory Diagnosis of \n                     Angiostrongylus cantonensis\n                   Infections in Humans Using Serologic and Molecular Methods","volume":"72","author":"Wilkins P. 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