{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T11:01:45Z","timestamp":1791198105055,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,17]],"date-time":"2025-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739750400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Paediatrics Child Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The negative impact of the COVID\u201019 pandemic on the mental health of children has been considered. Children with attention\u2010deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are likely to be more vulnerable too. This study aimed to provide a systematic review of evidence regarding the association between screen usage and symptoms of ADHD during the COVID\u201019 pandemic.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This review adhered to PRISMA guidelines. Systematic searches were conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Sciences and Cochrane Library.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of 130 identified reports, 8 papers covering 1587 subjects were included. The spent time on different types of screen time from TV to video games among children and adolescents with ADHD increased. The majority of studies showed that a surge in screen time was associated with the worsening of ADHD symptoms such as irritation, inattention, hyperactivity and oppositional defiant disorders (ODDs). The finding confirmed the severity of ADHD symptoms in individuals with a history of addictive or problematic usage of media was higher in comparison with others. One study found that educational screen time was not associated with disturbances in ADHD symptoms. In addition, ADHD symptoms during the COVID\u201019 pandemic were influenced by prior mental health situations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The current findings suggest considering the negative association of excess screen time with ADHD symptoms, monitoring of screen time particularly for recreational purposes should be monitored to prevent negative consequences in children and adolescents with ADHD. On the other hand, designing educational and treatment interventions based on digital technology could not be ignored.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.70003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,17]],"date-time":"2025-02-17T08:33:26Z","timestamp":1739781206000},"page":"549-558","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The Association of Cyberspace and Attention\u2010Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms in Children During the COVID\u201019 Pandemic: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"61","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5525-8549","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maryam","family":"Abdoli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research Committee Hamadan University of Medical Sciences  Hamadan Iran"},{"name":"Department of Biostatistics School of Public Health, Student Research Committee, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences  Hamadan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Majid","family":"Rahimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Education and Health Promotion School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences  Isfahan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Dianati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences  Isfahan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3783-778X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seyede Shahrbanoo","family":"Daniali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non\u2010Communicable Disease Isfahan University of Medical Sciences  Isfahan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7455-1495","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roya","family":"Kelishadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non\u2010Communicable Disease Isfahan University of Medical Sciences  Isfahan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.105.5.1158"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2023.01.006"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","first-page":"618","article-title":"Distribution of Symptoms of Attention Deficit\u2010Hyperactivity Disorder in Schoolchildren of Shiraz, South of Iran","volume":"11","author":"Ghanizadeh A.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Archives of Iranian Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244X-12-168"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2015.11.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ijpvm.ijpvm_78_23"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2020.03.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.27892"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(20)30110-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10870547211050945"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1087054720978549"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.902245"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10870547231158750"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2009.06.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pch\/pxab030"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12992-021-00699-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.40875"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10870547231171726"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2021.04.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-021-02332-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2022.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1718645"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08039488.2021.1980610"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19116648"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpediatrics.2009.159"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","article-title":"Online Behavioral Addictions Among Adolescents Before and After the COVID\u201019 Pandemic","volume":"15","author":"Akda\u011f B.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci11091126"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.30773\/pi.2021.0260"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","first-page":"549","article-title":"Physical Health, Media Use, and Mental Health in Children and Adolescents With ADHD During the COVID\u201019 Pandemic in Australia","volume":"4","author":"Emma S.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Attention Disorders"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1054831"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2021.113742"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3934\/publichealth.2021047"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-022-02119-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10870547231168334"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0283227"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-020-01332-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.47577\/sustainability.v2i5.7409"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_39_1","first-page":"544","article-title":"Caregivers' Difficulty in Managing Sleep Behaviors of Children With Attention\u2010Deficit\/Hyperactivity Disorder and Related Factors During the COVID\u201019 Pandemic","volume":"5","author":"Ching\u2010Shu T.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/BRAINSCI11091139"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_41_1","first-page":"42","article-title":"The Effects of the Covid\u201019 Pandemic on the Mental Health of Children With Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder","volume":"10","author":"Lays B.","year":"2023","journal-title":"International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1087054720953897"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_43_1","unstructured":"T. E.Bidopia M. M.Engelhard S. H.Kollins andJ. R.Lunsford\u2010Avery \u201cScreen Media Technology and ADHD in Children and Adolescents: Potential Perils and Emerging Opportunities \u201d2023260\u2013274."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2016.10.004"}],"container-title":["Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jpc.70003","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,17]],"date-time":"2025-04-17T04:15:33Z","timestamp":1744863333000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jpc.70003"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,17]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jpc.70003"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jpc.70003","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1034-4810","1440-1754"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1034-4810","type":"print"},{"value":"1440-1754","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-11-02","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-01-28","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-02-17","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}