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Increasing understanding of paediatric diagnostic techniques, molecular tumour drivers and targeted therapies will allow a more nuanced, disease\u2010specific comprehensive model of care. This review summarises recent developments in paediatric thyroid cancer biology, diagnosis and models of care.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Review of relevant literature from the last 5\u2009years to inform a narrative summary by a multidisciplinary team of clinician experts in paediatric thyroid cancer management.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>Standardised risk scoring systems will likely improve the objectivity and accuracy of paediatric thyroid nodule risk stratification on ultrasound, but further studies are needed to validate these. Identification of somatic and germline gene variants is playing a rapidly increasing role in paediatric thyroid cancer diagnosis and planning of surgical approaches and neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapies. There is growing recognition that lobectomy may achieve comparable outcomes, with reduced risk of complications, to total thyroidectomy in patients with low\u2010risk disease. Molecularly targeted therapies are now available for the management of advanced disease as an adjuvant, and likely neo\u2010adjuvant, therapy for medical debulking of large tumours and resensitisation of RAI\u2010resistant disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The management pathways for paediatric thyroid cancer are rapidly evolving due to the increasing availability of paediatric\u2010specific data. As management options become more complex, interdisciplinary collaboration and shared decision\u2010making are ever more important.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.70013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,12]],"date-time":"2025-02-12T05:08:42Z","timestamp":1739336922000},"page":"666-675","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Recent Advances in Diagnostics and Therapeutics for Paediatric Thyroid Cancer"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"61","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7063-6667","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joel A.","family":"Vanderniet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health The University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, the Children's Hospital at Westmead  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine and Health University of New South Wales  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noemi A.","family":"Fuentes\u2010Bolanos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kids Cancer Centre Sydney Children's Hospital  Randwick New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Centre University of New South Wales  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6568-8991","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoon Hi","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health The University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, the Children's Hospital at Westmead  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David K. 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