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Although there is compelling evidence to suggest that children with ASD have poorer bone traits than typically developing children, the primary factors associated with these differences are unclear. This review will explore the potential role that factors such as physical activity, nutrition (calcium, protein, vitamin C, vitamin D) and lifestyle (sleep, medication) play on bone health in children with ASD. Having a greater understanding of the influencing factors of low BMD and how these might interact in a synergistic manner in ASD children will provide an opportunity to develop targeted interventions to improve bone health aiming to avert attainment of suboptimal peak bone mass which may lead to early onset osteoporosis, fracture and muscle deconditioning in this paediatric population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.70063","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,22]],"date-time":"2025-04-22T10:34:16Z","timestamp":1745318056000},"page":"852-864","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The Determinants of Bone Health in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Narrative Review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Romy Tamara","family":"Lipszyc","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Western Clinical School The University of Melbourne and Western Health  St. Albans Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine P.","family":"Rodda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Western Clinical School The University of Melbourne and Western Health  St. Albans Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS) The University of Melbourne and Western Health  St. Albans Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics University of Melbourne  Parkville Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel L.","family":"Duckham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS) The University of Melbourne and Western Health  St. Albans Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN) Deakin University  Burwood Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Clinical Leadership Effectiveness and Outcomes Northern Health  Epping Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-15-164"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.bor.0000229521.95384.7d"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2016.09.056"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2012.07.057"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","volume-title":"Autism in Australia","author":"Welfare AIoHa","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","volume-title":"DSM\u20105","author":"Lurigio A. 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