{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T10:14:35Z","timestamp":1793182475762,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,28]],"date-time":"2025-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759017600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,28]],"date-time":"2025-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759017600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Paediatrics Child Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Deep learning (DL), a branch of artificial intelligence (AI), has been applied to diagnose developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) on pelvic radiographs and ultrasound (US) images. This technology can potentially assist in early screening, enable timely intervention and improve cost\u2010effectiveness. We conducted a systematic review to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the DL algorithm in detecting DDH.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      PubMed, Medline, EMBASE, EMCARE, the\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\">clinicaltrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      (clinical trial registry), IEEE Xplore and Cochrane Library databases were searched in October 2024. Prospective and retrospective cohort studies that included children (&lt;\u200916\u2009years) at risk of or suspected to have DDH and reported hip ultrasonography (US) or X\u2010ray images using AI were included. A review was conducted using the guidelines of the Cochrane Collaboration Diagnostic Test Accuracy Working Group. Risk of bias was assessed using the QUADAS\u20102 tool.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Twenty\u2010three studies met inclusion criteria, with 15 (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20098315) evaluating DDH on US images and eight (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20097091) on pelvic radiographs. The area under the curve of the included studies ranged from 0.80 to 0.99 for pelvic radiographs and 0.90\u20130.99 for US images. Sensitivity and specificity for detecting DDH on radiographs ranged from 92.86% to 100% and 95.65% to 99.82%, respectively. For US images, sensitivity ranged from 86.54% to 100% and specificity from 62.5% to 100%.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>AI demonstrated comparable effectiveness to physicians in detecting DDH. However, limited evaluation on external datasets restricts its generalisability. Further research incorporating diverse datasets and real\u2010world applications is needed to assess its broader clinical impact on DDH diagnosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.70172","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,28]],"date-time":"2025-09-28T10:38:49Z","timestamp":1759055929000},"page":"1712-1727","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Artificial Intelligence to Detect Developmental Dysplasia of Hip: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Suketu","family":"Bhavsar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatology, Perth Children's Hospital  Nedlands Australia"},{"name":"Neonatology, King Edward Memorial Hospital  Subiaco Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-4951-6021","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bhanu B.","family":"Gowda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Western Australia  Nedlands Australia"},{"name":"Neurology, Perth Children's Hospital  Nedlands Australia"},{"name":"KidsRehab WA, Perth Children's Hospital  Nedlands Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maulini","family":"Bhavsar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Edith Cowan University  Joondalup Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanjay","family":"Patole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatology, King Edward Memorial Hospital  Subiaco Australia"},{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Western Australia  Nedlands Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shripada","family":"Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatology, Perth Children's Hospital  Nedlands Australia"},{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Western Australia  Nedlands Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chandra","family":"Rath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatology, King Edward Memorial Hospital  Subiaco Australia"},{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Western Australia  Nedlands Australia"},{"name":"Canberra Hospital  Garran Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.83B4.0830579"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2018-1147"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13052-020-00908-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40477-019-00408-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.14140451"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surge.2017.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2016-3107"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fsurg.2022.995949"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","first-page":"198","article-title":"Universal Screening May Reduce the Incidence of Late Diagnosis of Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip: A Systematic Review and meta\u2010Analysis","volume":"105","author":"Cheok T.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Bone & Joint Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s43465-021-00504-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-35603-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pch\/pxad013"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/RCT.0000000000001247"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0000000000002294"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bj.2023.100614"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-33860-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JBHI.2021.3087494"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0000000000002428"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1177-0480"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-024-05003-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","volume-title":"Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Diagnostic Test Accuracy. 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