{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T02:43:24Z","timestamp":1788317004780,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773619200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773619200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Paediatrics Child Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective cohort study reviewed medical records of 84 children diagnosed with infantile epileptic spasm syndrome (IESS) between 2015 and 2024 at the Douala Gyneco\u2010Obstetric and Pediatric Hospital. Patients were invited for follow\u2010up clinical assessment, with 67 children (79.8%) completing follow\u2010up evaluations under a child neurologist's supervision.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study reviewed medical records and conducted follow\u2010up examinations. Data on socio\u2010demographic, clinical and therapeutic features were analysed using SPSS 30.0.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The prevalence of IESS was 0.34%, with mean symptom onset at 6.73\u2009\u00b1\u20094.02\u2009months. The most common presentation was epileptic spasms (77.4%), predominantly flexion type (73%). Median diagnostic delay was 2.0\u2009months (IQR: 1\u20133\u2009months), with 65.5% of families initially seeking traditional medicine. The primary etiologies were perinatal asphyxia (64.3%), cerebral malformations (11.9%) and prematurity\u2010associated brain injury (8.3%). Notably, 72.6% of infants had documented neonatal infections, which may have contributed to the pathophysiology in conjunction with other etiological factors. Electroencephalography revealed hypsarrhythmia in 97.6% of cases. Corticosteroids were the most frequent treatment (78.6%). Outcomes were poor, with high mortality (25.4%) and persistent developmental delays (90.0%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The high mortality and developmental delays highlight the need for urgent interventions in low\u2010resource settings, including: early diagnostic algorithms, discouraging delays due to traditional medicine, improving neonatal infection control, ensuring corticosteroid availability and implementing paediatric neurology teleconsultation to improve outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.70354","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T12:39:51Z","timestamp":1773664791000},"page":"831-842","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Clinical and Therapeutic Strategies for West Syndrome in Low\u2010Resource Settings: A 10\u2010Year Experience From Cameroon"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"62","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5792-9476","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dominique","family":"Enyama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Dschang  Dschang Cameroon"},{"name":"Pediatric Department Douala Gyneco\u2010Obstetric and Pediatric Hospital  Douala Cameroon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00ebl Aquilas Ngalandeu","family":"Kwemo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Medical Sciences Catholic University of Cameroon  Bamenda Cameroon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diomede Noukeu","family":"Njinkui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Dschang  Dschang Cameroon"},{"name":"Pediatric Department Douala Gyneco\u2010Obstetric and Pediatric Hospital  Douala Cameroon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel Armand Kago","family":"Tague","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaounde I  Yaound\u00e9 Cameroon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul Cedric Mbonda","family":"Chimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaounde I  Yaound\u00e9 Cameroon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Chiabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bamenda  Bamenda Cameroon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","unstructured":"International League Against Epilepsy \u201cILAE \u201d2025 https:\/\/www.ilae.org\/files\/dmfile\/Infantile\u2010Spasms\u2010comment_6.14.21_Mytinger\u2010et\u2010al.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0013\u20109580.2004.09202.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072\u2010020\u201004600\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471\u20102431\u201012\u2010108"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5535\/arm.2011.35.3.369"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","unstructured":"Legal Framework \u201cMultiple Disabilities \u201daccessed May 30 2025 https:\/\/fw.escapps.net\/node\/3839."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","volume-title":"WHO Recommendations on Antenatal Care for a Positive Pregnancy Experience","author":"WHO","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0387\u20107604(01)00273\u2010X"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","volume-title":"Epilepsy in the WHO African Region: Bridging the Gap","author":"WHO","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4236\/ojped.2013.34055"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","first-page":"13","article-title":"West Syndrome: Patient Profile at Fann Dakar\u2010Senegal Teaching Hospital","volume":"38","author":"Estelle B. D. B.","year":"2019","journal-title":"African Journal of Neurological"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2015.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12098\u2010021\u201003918\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13524\u2010012\u20100161\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","unstructured":"UNICEF \u201cCameroon (CMR)\u2014Demographics Health & Infant Mortality \u201dUNICEF Data accessed June 27 2025 https:\/\/data.unicef.org\/country\/cmr\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2024.07.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","unstructured":"M. H.Cheick A.Kon\u00e9 andB.Maiga \u201cAspects Cliniques \u00c9pid\u00e9miologiques et \u00c9lectroenc\u00e9phalographiques du Syndrome de West Chez les Enfants de 1 Mois \u00e0 5 ans \u00e0 la Clinique M\u00e9dicale Kaidara de Bamako [Retrospective Cross\u2010sectional and Descriptive Studies]\u201d(Faculte de Medecine et D'odontostomatologie Universite des Sciences des Techniques Et des Technologies de Bamako; 2023.)."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","unstructured":"A.Essouiba \u201cSbihi Bouskraoui. Syndrome de West <<A Propos de 32 cas>>. Retrospective Study\u201d(Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine \u00e9t\u00e9 Pharmacie de l'Unversit\u00e9 Cade Ayyad \u00e0 Marrakech 2010)."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s44326\u2010024\u201000019\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401\u2010015\u20101481\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13057"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000127773.72699.C8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120119"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1741\u20107015\u201010\u2010107"}],"container-title":["Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jpc.70354","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jpc.70354","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jpc.70354","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T04:16:17Z","timestamp":1778732177000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jpc.70354"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jpc.70354"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jpc.70354","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1034-4810","1440-1754"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1034-4810","type":"print"},{"value":"1440-1754","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-08-25","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-16","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-16","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}