{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T09:12:44Z","timestamp":1790327564066,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790294400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790294400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100019168","name":"Starship Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SF4572"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SF4572"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100019168","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001505","name":"Health Research Council of New Zealand","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HRC 24\/100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HRC 24\/100"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001505","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Paediatrics Child Health"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite status as a high\u2010income nation, New Zealand (NZ) experiences the second highest rate of childhood bone and joint infection (BJI) globally with a disproportionate burden in M\u0101ori and Pacific children. This study aims to identify potentially modifiable risk factors for childhood BJI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An age and ethnicity matched case\u2013control design was utilised to compare acute cases of BJI with healthy controls recruited from orthopaedic fracture clinics. Cases were &lt;\/=\u200915\u2009years hospitalised because of acute haematogenous osteomyelitis or septic arthritis across multiple centres in the North Island of NZ. A pre\u2010tested questionnaire was used to measure exposures including household income and crowding, healthcare access and eczema and eczema treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Ninety\u2010nine cases and 309 controls consented to participate. Median age for cases was 8\u2009years. The odds of having BJI were increased by eczema diagnosis (aOR 2.6,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0001). Eczema diagnosis posed greater risk for M\u0101ori (aOR 3.8,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.01) and Pacific children (3.3,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.004). Children with eczema who received treatment (tablets, creams or other) did not experience greater odds of BJI (aOR 1.05,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.85). Having income in the form of salary or rent was associated with reduced odds of BJI development (aOR 0.44,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.02). Eczema remained independently associated with BJI after adjustment for socioeconomic factors and healthcare access (adjusted OR 2.23, 95%\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.02).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This case\u2013control study has shown up to three times higher disease risk with eczema. This risk becomes negligible when eczema is treated, which should inform public health measures to lower disease burden.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.70599","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T08:57:18Z","timestamp":1790326638000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Risks for Childhood Bone and Joint Infection: A Case Control Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6436-3244","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah","family":"Hunter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Auckland, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences  Auckland New Zealand"},{"name":"Paediatric Orthopaedic Department Starship Hospital  Auckland New 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