{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T12:48:50Z","timestamp":1792500530048,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792454400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792454400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001505","name":"Health Research Council of New Zealand","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001505","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001515","name":"Cure Kids","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001515","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005018","name":"David and Genevieve Becroft Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005018","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001511","name":"Auckland Medical Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001511","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Paediatrics Child Health"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Small for gestational age (SGA) has been linked to lower school achievement in childhood. However, this association has only been shown consistently in preterm\u2010SGA cohorts. This paper aims to determine whether being born SGA at term is associated with school performance at 7, 11 and 16\u2009years of age.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009871 children born at term (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009433 small\u2010for\u2010gestational\u2010age [SGA] and\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009438 appropriate for gestational age [AGA]) had education outcomes analysed at age 7 (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009265 SGA,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009304 AGA), 11 (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009200 SGA,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009218 AGA) and 16 (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009152 SGA,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009185 AGA). The outcomes studied were the risk of below\u2010average achievement in oral comprehension, written comprehension and mathematics at 7 and 11\u2009years of age, and the risk of not achieving final secondary school qualifications at 16. Binary and multinomial logistic regression were performed.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>SGA children score below\u2010average in written comprehension at 7 (OR 1.71, CI 1.04\u20132.80) and oral comprehension at 11\u00a0(OR 2.10, CI 1.22\u20133.62). These associations were not statistically significant once adjusted for confounders (written comprehension at 7 aOR 1.54, CI 0.89\u20132.69; oral comprehension at 11 aOR 1.79, CI 0.99\u20133.25). There was no statistically significant difference in secondary school achievement (OR 0.80, 95% CI 0.45\u20131.42) between SGA and AGA children.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our results show that being born SGA at term does not independently increase the risk of below\u2010average performance at ages 7, 11 or 16 after adjusting for known social and environmental confounders. However, clinicians should maintain active surveillance for term SGA infants, particularly when co\u2010occurring environmental or maternal risk factors are present.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.70630","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T12:06:21Z","timestamp":1792497981000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Educational Outcomes at 7, 11 and 16\u2009Years of Age for Children Born Small for Gestational Age: Results From the\u00a0Auckland Birthweight Collaborative Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-4756-6060","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexia K.","family":"Searchfield","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Child and Youth Health University of Auckland  Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0318-1201","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barry","family":"Milne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Methods and Policy Application in the Social Sciences University of Auckland  Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7909-0464","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karen E.","family":"Waldie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology University of Auckland  Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4942-8887","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebecca F.","family":"Slykerman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Medicine University of Auckland  Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0043-2423","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rinki","family":"Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Auckland  Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6187-7648","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edwin A.","family":"Mitchell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Child and Youth Health University of Auckland  Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6944-381X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John M. D.","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Child and Youth Health University of Auckland  Auckland New Zealand"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductive Sciences University of Auckland  Auckland New\u00a0Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8489","key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(86)91340-1","article-title":"Infant Mortality, Childhood Nutrition, and Ischaemic Heart Disease in England and Wales","volume":"327","author":"Barker D. J. P.","year":"1986","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000053079","article-title":"Intrauterine Growth Restriction: Definition and Etiology","volume":"49","author":"Wollmann H. 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