{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T16:51:41Z","timestamp":1777999901735,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,10]],"date-time":"2012-12-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1355097600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Tulane University Research Enhancement Award"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Public Health Dent"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To examine if periodontal disease is associated with later development of impaired glucose metabolism in women with a recent history of gestational diabetes (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GDM<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Women with (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200919) and without (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200920) a history of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GDM<\/jats:styled-content> were prospectively followed at 22\u2009months postpartum. All subjects underwent: a) a 75\u2010gram oral glucose tolerance test (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OGTT<\/jats:styled-content>); and b) an oral examination for measuring periodontal disease. Insulin sensitivity and pancreatic \u03b2\u2010cell secretory capacity derived from fasting (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HOMA\u2010IR<\/jats:styled-content>) and glucose\u2010stimulated measures (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SI<jats:sub>OGTT<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IGI<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HOMA\u2010IR<\/jats:styled-content>) were determined. Periodontitis was defined as the presence of any site with a probing depth \u22654\u2009mm or a clinical attachment loss \u22654\u2009mm.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Compared to women without a history of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GDM<\/jats:styled-content>, prior <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GDM<\/jats:styled-content> women had significantly higher fasting glucose and insulin concentrations, increased insulin resistance and decreased \u03b2\u2010cell function. Although not statistically significant, prior <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GDM<\/jats:styled-content> women had a higher prevalence of periodontal disease (42.1%) than women without a history of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GDM<\/jats:styled-content> (25.0%). Women with periodontal disease showed greater insulin resistance and lower \u03b2\u2010cell function. Women with both prior <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GDM<\/jats:styled-content> and periodontal disease had the most impaired glucose metabolism; the insulin secretion\u2010sensitivity index was significantly lower in women with both prior <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GDM<\/jats:styled-content> and periodontal disease (208.20\u2009\u00b1\u20092.60) than in women without prior <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GDM<\/jats:styled-content> and periodontal disease (742.93\u2009\u00b1\u20091.78) (<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Women with prior <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GDM<\/jats:styled-content> show reduced insulin sensitivity and inadequate \u03b2\u2010cell secretory function at 22\u2009months postpartum. Periodontal disease may contribute to their impaired glucose metabolism and future risk of developing diabetes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jphd.12004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,10]],"date-time":"2012-12-10T10:52:01Z","timestamp":1355136721000},"page":"41-49","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Periodontal disease as a potential risk factor for the development of diabetes in women with a prior history of gestational diabetes mellitus"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"Xu","family":"Xiong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine  New Orleans LA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karen E.","family":"Elkind\u2010Hirsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Woman's Hospital  Baton Rouge LA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yiqiong","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine  New Orleans LA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Delarosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"American Academy Pediatric Dentistry  Baton Rouge LA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pooja","family":"Maney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontics Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Dentistry  New Orleans LA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabriella","family":"Pridjian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"OB\/GYN Tulane University School of Medicine  New Orleans LA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"Buekens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine  New Orleans LA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"525","article-title":"Clinical management guidelines for obstetrician\u2010gynecologists. 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